{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "source": "moshiogusa",
  "reviewedAt": "2026-09-10",
  "title": {
    "ja": "成立・伝本・ユーカラ研究史",
    "en": "Composition, transmission and study of the yukar"
  },
  "summary": {
    "ja": "『藻汐草』の版本・写本と巻末叙事詩をめぐる刊行・研究の記録。カナ本文の翻刻、語形の推定、翻訳、関連する別作品の校訂を、出典とともにたどる。",
    "en": "A history of Moshiogusa’s copies and closing epic, identifying kana editions, reconstructed readings, translations and editions of related works."
  },
  "events": [
    {
      "id": "compilation",
      "date": "1792",
      "dateKind": "composition",
      "dateCertainty": "inferred",
      "kind": "composition",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "『藻汐草』の成立",
        "en": "Compilation of Moshiogusa"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "上原熊次郎の『藻汐草』は1792年成立と推定される。巻末叙事詩の語り手は不明。成立年と版本の刊行年は区別する必要がある。",
        "en": "Moshiogusa is thought to have been compiled by Uehara Kumajirō in 1792. The epic’s narrator is unknown. This is an inferred composition date."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "tangiku2021",
          "locator": "p. 30",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/86213/18c-ainu.pdf#page=33"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "printed-edition",
      "date": "1804",
      "dateKind": "preface",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "publication",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "文化元年序の版本",
        "en": "A printed copy with an 1804 preface"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "早稲田大学図書館の一冊本（ホ02 05038）は、上原熊治郎「通辞」・阿部長三郎「支配」、文化元年（1804）序と記載される。目録は寛政4年跋の『蝦夷方言』の改題とも記す。序・跋にある年と、推定される成立年を区別して読む必要がある。",
        "en": "Waseda’s one-volume copy (ホ02 05038) is catalogued with Uehara as interpreter, Abe as administrator, and a preface dated 1804. The catalogue also identifies it as a retitling of Ezo hōgen, whose postface dates to 1792. Preface, postface and inferred composition dates need to be distinguished."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "waseda1804",
          "locator": "catalogue record"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "kindaichi",
      "date": "1913",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "bibliography",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "金田一京助による著者・版本の研究",
        "en": "Kindaichi on authorship and editions"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "金田一京助は「蝦夷語学の鼻祖上原熊次郎と其著述」を発表した。佐藤知己が引用する金田一の議論では、一冊本末尾の跋文が上原・阿部の関与を知る手がかりとなり、版の鮮明さなどから一冊本を初版と推定している。これは著者と版本の研究として位置づけられる。",
        "en": "Kindaichi Kyōsuke published a study of Uehara and his writings. As quoted by Tomomi Satō, Kindaichi used the one-volume copy’s postface to establish Uehara’s and Abe’s involvement, and inferred its priority from the clarity of its printing. This is evidence about authorship and editions."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "nijl1913",
          "locator": "藝文 4-10 (continuation)"
        },
        {
          "reference": "sato2007",
          "locator": "pp. 157–159",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/18912/CulturalScience121-157.pdf#page=2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "yamamoto",
      "date": "1958-06",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "kana-transcription",
      "scope": "yukar",
      "title": {
        "ja": "山本多助・山本文利編『アイヌ・モシリ』第4号",
        "en": "Yamamoto Tasuke and Yamamoto Fumitoshi: Ainu Mosiri 4"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "巻末叙事詩の全文を原文カナ表記で掲載した。日本語訳は付さない。1998年の釧路アイヌ文化懇話会による復刊では90–99頁に収録される。この掲載範囲は丹菊の報告による。",
        "en": "The complete epic appeared in its original kana spelling, without a Japanese translation. It occupies pp. 90–99 of the 1998 Kushiro Ainu Bunka Konwakai reprint. This coverage is reported by Tangiku."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "tangiku2021",
          "locator": "p. 2, note 1",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/86213/18c-ainu.pdf#page=5"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "facsimile",
      "date": "1972",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "facsimile",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "国書刊行会『アイヌ語資料叢書』",
        "en": "Kokushokankōkai facsimile"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "国書刊行会は『アイヌ語資料叢書』の一冊として『藻汐草』を復刻した。写真による本文へのアクセスを広げた影印本であり、後の丹菊の校訂の底本となった。",
        "en": "Kokushokankōkai reproduced Moshiogusa in its Ainu-language source series. The facsimile made the printed text more accessible and later served as Tangiku’s base text."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "facsimile1972",
          "locator": "catalogue record"
        },
        {
          "reference": "tangiku2021",
          "locator": "p. 30",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/86213/18c-ainu.pdf#page=33"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tanaka-sasaki",
      "date": "1985",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "bibliography",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "田中聖子・佐々木利和による版本の検討",
        "en": "Tanaka Satoko and Sasaki Toshikazu on printed variants"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "「近世アイヌ語資料について―とくに『もしほ草』をめぐって」は、一冊本の中にも本文の異なる二種があることを指摘した。佐藤（2007）はその指摘を具体的な所蔵本と照合している。同論文は佐々木『アイヌ史の時代へ』（2013）第12章にも収録された。",
        "en": "Their study distinguished two forms within the one-volume edition. Satō (2007) checked these observations against identifiable library copies. The essay was also collected as chapter 12 of Sasaki’s Ainu-shi no jidai e (2013)."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "sato2007",
          "locator": "pp. 167–168, §2.5",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/18912/CulturalScience121-157.pdf#page=12"
        },
        {
          "reference": "sasaki2013",
          "locator": "contents, chapter 12"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sato-charanke",
      "date": "2003-02-28",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "related-edition",
      "scope": "related-text",
      "title": {
        "ja": "佐藤知己『蝦夷チヤランケ並浄瑠理言』の校訂",
        "en": "Tomomi Satō’s edition of Ezo chiyaranke narabini jōruri kotoba"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "彰考館旧蔵資料の金田一本を底本に、東大南葵文庫本と対校し、三篇のカナ本文・ローマ字推定形・逐語訳を示した。第2篇「酒盃之席亭主江祝儀之口上」は『藻汐草』の「チヤーラケ」とほぼ同内容で、佐藤は同系統の写本に由来すると推定する。第3篇「夷浄瑠理」は別の叙事詩であり、『藻汐草』巻末叙事詩の校訂には数えない。",
        "en": "Satō edited three texts from the Kindaichi copy of a former Shōkōkan manuscript, collating the University of Tokyo’s Nanki copy, and supplied kana, reconstructed Roman-script Ainu and literal Japanese. Text 2 parallels Moshiogusa’s charanke speech; Satō inferred transmission through manuscripts of the same lineage. Text 3, the heroic epic, is a different work."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "sato2003",
          "locator": "pp. 33–35; text 3, pp. 42–48",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/34038/109_PL31-58.pdf#page=5"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sato-copies",
      "date": "2007",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "bibliography",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "佐藤知己「『藻汐草』の『一冊本』について」",
        "en": "Tomomi Satō on one-volume copies"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "函館・苫小牧の一冊本二点を追加報告し、誤刻、刷りの濃淡、虫損、諸本間の異同を検討した。早い版であることだけでは個々の文字の判読を保証できず、二冊本も含む対校が必要になる。論文は版本の検討を主題とする。",
        "en": "Satō reported one-volume copies at Hakodate and Tomakomai, examining misprints, ink loss, insect damage and textual variants. Priority of edition does not guarantee the legibility of individual characters; two-volume copies also matter. The article’s subject is bibliographical comparison."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "sato2007",
          "locator": "pp. 160–169",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/18912/CulturalScience121-157.pdf#page=5"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "mori-edition",
      "date": "2013-03",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "kana-transcription",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "森家旧蔵・象潟本の影印と翻刻",
        "en": "Facsimile and transcription of the Mori-family manuscript"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "本田優子が2003年9月に象潟郷土資料館で見出した写本を、北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センターの古文書プロジェクトが影印・翻刻・解題として刊行した。佐々木利和・谷本晃久が校訂・編集し、本田と斎藤一樹が解題を寄稿。フトロ場所の通詞らを出した森家に伝わり、刊本にない語彙・文例も含む。巻末叙事詩にも異同があり、丹菊は本書を対校に用いた。",
        "en": "The Hokkaido University project published photographs, transcription and commentary for a manuscript identified by Honda Yūko at Kisakata in September 2003. Sasaki Toshikazu and Tanimoto Akihisa collated and edited it; Honda and Saitō Kazuki contributed commentary. Preserved by the Mori family, whose members worked at Futoro, it contains vocabulary and examples absent from the print. Tangiku used its epic variants."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "mori2013",
          "locator": "catalogue record; 300 pp."
        },
        {
          "reference": "cais2018",
          "locator": "pp. 41–43",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/79119/CAIS_Booklet_10.pdf#page=42"
        },
        {
          "reference": "tangiku2021",
          "locator": "pp. 30–31",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/86213/18c-ainu.pdf#page=33"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "chiri-notes",
      "date": "2014-08-01",
      "dateKind": "report",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "archival-lead",
      "scope": "work",
      "title": {
        "ja": "知里真志保の筆写・書き込み本",
        "en": "Chiri Mashiho’s annotated handwritten copy"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "井上高聡による北海道大学附属図書館の文庫紹介は、知里自身が筆写・製本し、赤鉛筆などで細かく書き込んだ『蝦夷方言藻汐草』を写真入りで紹介する。記事からは、巻末叙事詩への注釈の有無や範囲、全文の推定形・訳の存在までは確認できない。年は紹介記事の刊行年であり、筆写年は未確認。",
        "en": "Inoue Takaaki’s account of the Hokkaido University Library collection illustrates a copy handwritten, bound and annotated in red pencil by Chiri himself. The report does not establish whether its notes cover the epic or include a full reconstruction or translation. The date here belongs to the report; the copying date is unverified."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "chiri2014",
          "locator": "p. 7",
          "url": "https://www.hokkaido-univcoop.jp/hokudai/univcoop/pdf/facultymember/backnumber/no353.pdf#page=7"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tangiku",
      "date": "2021-03-25",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "critical-edition",
      "scope": "yukar",
      "title": {
        "ja": "丹菊逸治による546行の校訂・推定形・暫定訳",
        "en": "Tangiku Itsuji’s 546-line reconstruction and provisional translation"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "1972年影印本を基本に函館の画像と象潟本を参照し、カナ本文・ローマ字推定形・暫定訳を示した。「ルウェサニウンクㇽ叙事詩」は丹菊が付した仮題。報告書の「2020年度」は事業年度で、刊行は2021年。",
        "en": "Using the 1972 facsimile, Hakodate images and Kisakata variants, Tangiku supplied kana, reconstructed Ainu and a provisional translation. “Ruwesaniunkur epic” is his supplied title. The report appeared in 2021; “2020年度” identifies its fiscal year."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "tangiku2021",
          "locator": "pp. 3, 30, 34–77; colophon",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/86213/18c-ainu.pdf#page=33"
        }
      ],
      "relations": [
        {
          "relation": "uses",
          "reference": "facsimile1972"
        },
        {
          "relation": "uses",
          "reference": "mori2013"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sato-handbook",
      "date": "2022",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "related-edition",
      "scope": "related-text",
      "title": {
        "ja": "佐藤知己『Handbook of the Ainu Language』の付録",
        "en": "Tomomi Satō’s Handbook appendix"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "第3章の付録は、佐藤（2003）の彰考館旧蔵本の叙事詩を再び取り上げ、カナ・形態素分析・英訳を示す。付録は出典を明記したサンプルである。『藻汐草』への言及は同じ文書に収められた別の文章との対応を指しており、叙事詩そのものの同一性を示さない。",
        "en": "Chapter 3’s appendix presents a sample from the Shōkōkan epic previously edited in Satō (2003), with kana, morphological glosses and English translation. Its mention of Moshiogusa concerns another text preserved in the same document. It does not identify the two epics as the same work."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "sato2022",
          "locator": "pp. 89–95, appendix"
        }
      ],
      "relations": [
        {
          "relation": "excerpt-of",
          "reference": "sato2003"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "miki-sato",
      "date": "2023",
      "dateKind": "publication",
      "dateCertainty": "documented",
      "kind": "translation-study",
      "scope": "yukar",
      "title": {
        "ja": "佐藤美希による上原の翻訳の検討",
        "en": "Miki Sato on Uehara’s translations"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "佐藤美希は上原の通詞としての活動と翻訳を論じ、表1で巻末叙事詩冒頭の原表記・上原の漢字傍訳・丹菊の推定形と日本語訳を比較した。美希による原カナのローマ字転写と英語の逐語訳も添える。丹菊を出典とする抜粋であり、佐藤知己とは別の研究者による仕事である。",
        "en": "Miki Sato examines Uehara’s interpreting and translation. Table 1 compares the epic’s opening kana, Uehara’s Chinese-character glosses and Tangiku’s reconstruction and Japanese translation, adding a literal romanization of the kana and English renderings. The excerpt depends on Tangiku. Miki Sato and Tomomi Satō are different scholars."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "miki2023",
          "locator": "pp. 154–156, especially table 1, p. 155"
        }
      ],
      "relations": [
        {
          "relation": "uses",
          "reference": "tangiku2021"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "notes": [
    {
      "id": "collation",
      "title": {
        "ja": "諸本を比べると何が分かるか",
        "en": "What comparison of copies establishes"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "佐藤（2007）の例では、19丁裏「肥る ビヱー」の濁点が函館本や1972年影印本では読めず、神戸大学の二冊本では明瞭である。これは同じ版本系統でも印刷状態によって読める情報が違う例である。音韻史の証拠として表記を使う前に、文字の欠損と記録された音の違いを見分ける必要がある。",
        "en": "In Satō’s example, the voicing mark in ビヱー “to grow fat” (19 verso) is illegible in the Hakodate copy and absent in the 1972 facsimile, yet clear in Kobe University’s two-volume copy. Printing conditions affect the evidence available in individual copies. A damaged character must be distinguished from a recorded sound difference before the spelling is used for phonological history."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "sato2007",
          "locator": "pp. 168–169, §2.6",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/18912/CulturalScience121-157.pdf#page=13"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "text-identity",
      "title": {
        "ja": "チャランケの対応と叙事詩の区別",
        "en": "The shared speech and the separate epics"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "佐藤（2003）が対応を認めるのは第2篇である。同論文は第1篇・第3篇には関連資料を見出していないと明記する。第3篇「夷浄瑠理」はイシカリを舞台とし、兄に育てられた人物の語りが続く。この区別により、佐藤の校訂が『藻汐草』のユーカラの書名検索で見つかりにくい理由の一つが説明できる。両文書の伝承関係の推定を、二つの叙事詩の同一性にまで広げることはできない。",
        "en": "Satō explicitly identifies the correspondence in text 2 and reports finding no related material for texts 1 and 3. The third text concerns Ishikari and a narrator raised by an elder brother. This distinction helps explain why the edition is missed in searches for Moshiogusa’s yukar. The proposed relationship between the documents does not establish identity between their epics."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "sato2003",
          "locator": "p. 34; pp. 42–48",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/34038/109_PL31-58.pdf#page=5"
        },
        {
          "reference": "sato2022",
          "locator": "pp. 89–90"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "coverage",
      "title": {
        "ja": "翻刻・推定形・訳の範囲",
        "en": "Transcription, reconstruction and translation"
      },
      "text": {
        "ja": "原資料の和訳は全546行のうち冒頭51行分に限られる。カナの活字化、諸本の対校、アイヌ語形の推定、現代語訳は、それぞれ異なる作業である。丹菊は自身の訳を暫定訳とし、先行する全訳についても確認の限界を含む表現を用いている。ここに挙げた刊行物だけで、未刊の読解や注釈が存在しないとは結論できない。",
        "en": "The historical Japanese glosses cover only the first 51 of 546 lines. Typesetting kana, collating witnesses, reconstructing Ainu and translating it are distinct editorial operations. Tangiku labels his translation provisional and qualifies his statement about earlier translations. The publications listed here cannot establish the absence of unpublished readings or annotations."
      },
      "citations": [
        {
          "reference": "tangiku2021",
          "locator": "pp. 2–3, 30",
          "url": "https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/repo/huscap/all/86213/18c-ainu.pdf#page=5"
        },
        {
          "reference": "chiri2014",
          "locator": "p. 7"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "id": "waseda1804",
      "label": "Waseda catalogue",
      "authors": [
        "阿部長三郎",
        "上原熊次郎"
      ],
      "title": "藻汐草",
      "date": "1804",
      "publication": "早稲田大学図書館古典籍総合データベース、ホ02 05038",
      "url": "https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/ho02/ho02_05038/index.html",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "nijl1913",
      "label": "Kindaichi 1913 — catalogue",
      "authors": [
        "金田一京助"
      ],
      "title": "蝦夷語学の鼻祖上原熊次郎と其著述（承前）",
      "date": "1913",
      "publication": "藝文（京都文学会）4-10: 67–93。国文学研究資料館論文データベース掲載書誌。",
      "url": "https://ronbun.nijl.ac.jp/kokubun/99900074",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "facsimile1972",
      "label": "Kokushokankōkai 1972",
      "authors": [
        "上原熊次郎"
      ],
      "title": "藻汐草",
      "date": "1972",
      "publication": "国書刊行会、アイヌ語資料叢書。NDL書誌ID 000001271767。",
      "url": "https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000039-I12572406",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "sato2003",
      "label": "Tomomi Satō 2003",
      "authors": [
        "佐藤知己"
      ],
      "title": "彰考館旧蔵アイヌ語テキスト「蝦夷チヤランケ並浄瑠理言」について",
      "date": "2003-02-28",
      "publication": "北海道大学文学研究科紀要 109: 31–58",
      "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2115/34038",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "sato2007",
      "label": "Tomomi Satō 2007",
      "authors": [
        "佐藤知己"
      ],
      "title": "『藻汐草』の「一冊本」について",
      "date": "2007",
      "publication": "北海道大学文学研究科紀要 121: 157–170",
      "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2115/18912",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "mori2013",
      "label": "Mori manuscript edition 2013",
      "authors": [
        "北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センター古文書プロジェクト"
      ],
      "title": "にかほ市象潟郷土資料館所蔵 森家旧蔵「蝦夷方言藻汐草 全」翻刻・解題",
      "date": "2013-03",
      "publication": "北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センター、古文書プロジェクト報告書、300頁。NDL書誌ID 024530167。",
      "url": "https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I024530167",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "sasaki2013",
      "label": "Sasaki 2013 — contents",
      "authors": [
        "佐々木利和"
      ],
      "title": "アイヌ史の時代へ―余瀝抄",
      "date": "2013",
      "publication": "北海道大学出版会。第12章「近世アイヌ語資料について―とくに『もしほ草』をめぐって」（田中聖子との共著、初出1985）。",
      "url": "https://www.hup.gr.jp/items/65002000",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "chiri2014",
      "label": "Inoue 2014",
      "authors": [
        "井上高聡"
      ],
      "title": "先人未踏の分野で独自の境地―知里真志保文庫―",
      "date": "2014-08-01",
      "publication": "「よりよい生活と平和のために」353号、7頁。「図書館へ行こう」第13回。",
      "url": "https://www.hokkaido-univcoop.jp/hokudai/univcoop/pdf/facultymember/backnumber/no353.pdf",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "cais2018",
      "label": "Tanimoto & Sasaki 2018",
      "authors": [
        "谷本晃久",
        "佐々木利和"
      ],
      "title": "歴史学（古文書プロジェクト報告）",
      "date": "2018-09-20",
      "publication": "『アイヌ・先住民研究センターの10年―2007～2017』北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センターブックレット10、39頁以降（象潟本：41–43頁）。",
      "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2115/79119",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "tangiku2021",
      "label": "Tangiku 2021",
      "authors": [
        "丹菊逸治"
      ],
      "title": "18世紀アイヌ押韻文―ルウェサニウンクㇽ叙事詩その頭脚韻と不完全韻",
      "date": "2021-03-25",
      "publication": "2020年度科学研究費補助金研究成果報告書、77頁。",
      "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2115/86213",
      "language": "ja"
    },
    {
      "id": "sato2022",
      "label": "Tomomi Satō 2022",
      "authors": [
        "Tomomi Satō"
      ],
      "title": "Major old documents of Ainu and some problems in the historical study of Ainu",
      "date": "2022",
      "publication": "In Anna Bugaeva (ed.), Handbook of the Ainu Language, chapter 3, pp. 79–98. De Gruyter Mouton.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859-004",
      "language": "en"
    },
    {
      "id": "miki2023",
      "label": "Miki Sato 2023",
      "authors": [
        "Miki Sato"
      ],
      "title": "Ezo-tsūji (Japanese–Ainu Interpreters) in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries: The Case of Uehara Kumajirō",
      "date": "2023",
      "publication": "In Mino Saito and Miki Sato (eds.), Tsūji, Interpreters in and Around Early Modern Japan, chapter 7, pp. 141–166. Palgrave Macmillan.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37652-8_7",
      "language": "en"
    }
  ]
}