Aynuitak Huskokampi Aomarepu アイヌ語古記録データベース Early Records Database of the Ainu Language

蝦夷語箋

えぞ ごせん · Ezo gosen · 上原熊次郎 · 1854 · Lexicon · Place names · Characters · Catalogue record

Tags: AinuRussian

Interpreting the Russian appendix

Readings of the Russian appendix by Makupori, considered alongside Nevsky’s emendations and Russian vocabulary in Japanese castaway accounts. Recorded kana, proposed Russian forms and reference pronunciations are distinguished.

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  1. Publication

    Ezo gosen and its Russian appendix

    The 1854 Ezo gosen includes a Russian appendix alongside its Ainu vocabulary. In the NINJAL copy the appendix occupies images 3–10, recording Russian in katakana and hiragana. 『蝦夷語箋』国立国語研究所本・みんなで翻刻, 国立国語研究所本、画像3–10 ↧; 岩井憲幸 2005, ロシア語語彙集の年代別一覧、嘉永7年 ↧

  2. Collation, reconstruction and translation

    Nevsky’s discussion of the appendix

    N. A. Nevsky discusses this appendix directly, noting confused kana and irregular voicing marks. He proposes corrections in romanization for entries including tongue, belly, June and February. These are scholarly emendations. Невский 1936, p. 44 ↧

  3. Edition of a related text

    Russian equivalents for Hokusa ibun

    Imori Masato aligns the kana in Hokusa ibun with Russian words. Its seasons, body terms and household vocabulary provide useful comparisons. Similar forms alone do not establish direct copying or a common speaker. 生森將人 1978, pp. 49–62; seasons p. 52, body and household terms p. 56 ↧

  4. Edition of a related text

    Russian vocabulary in Hyōkai kibun

    Kisaki Ryohei studies the Russian section of Hyōkai kibun. It provides a reference for comparing the vocabulary and Japanese grain names, including Makupori’s comparison of 米 ビセナ with 米 ヒセナ. 木崎良平 1980, pp. 47–97 ↧; まくぽり 2026, 米 ビセナ ↧

  5. Bibliographical study

    A survey of Russian vocabularies compiled in Japan

    Iwai Noriyuki surveys Russian vocabularies by date and circumstances of compilation, including the Russian section of Ezo gosen. The study supplies a bibliographical context for the appendix. 岩井憲幸 2005, pp. 1–21; chronological list, 1854 ↧

  6. Kana transcription

    An index to the kana Russian in Hokusa bunryaku

    Iwai’s index locates the kana Russian in volume 11 of Hokusa bunryaku. Its preface explains that some pronunciation marks are represented using modern small kana; the index’s character sizes therefore require care in comparisons with the original. 岩井憲幸 2020, pp. 119–202; conventions pp. 119–120 ↧

  7. Commentary

    Makupori’s identifications

    Makupori’s posts examine the appendix using Japanese headwords, Russian forms, IPA, recorded kana and romanization, discussing voicing, reduced vowels, character confusion and exchanged glosses. Entry citations identify the relevant posts; accompanying notes provide further interpretation and comparisons. まくぽり 2026, thread beginning 2026-09-08; individual posts cited in entries ↧

Recorded text and emendations

Entry kana follow the existing transcription. Proposed forms such as ヱンバリ, ヘブラリ and ユフニ belong in the discussion. A parallel in another work, a scholar’s emendation and a correction to the transcription each constitute different evidence. 『蝦夷語箋』国立国語研究所本・みんなで翻刻, transcription, images 3–10 ↧; Невский 1936, p. 44 ↧

Russian spelling and pronunciation

Russian identifications retain the historical spellings used in the posts, including ѣ, і and final ъ. IPA supplies a reference pronunciation of the proposed word; it does not reconstruct a particular speaker in 1854. Reduced vowels, palatalization, Japanese epenthetic vowels and graphic confusion require separate consideration. まくぽり 2026, opening post and month names ↧; Невский 1936, p. 44 ↧

Vocabulary coverage and blanks

The commentary covers the appendix’s 142 vocabulary entries, including candidates left unresolved in the posts. The Russian space beside lice at the end of image 9 is blank and receives no supplied form. The alphabet and other material on image 10 remain available in the transcription. 『蝦夷語箋』国立国語研究所本・みんなで翻刻, images 3–10 ↧; まくぽり 2026, final post, 2026-09-10 ↧

Bibliography and access

Page citations refer to printed pagination. Direct PDF links account for covers and other preliminary pages. Entries identify evidence obtained from catalogues or later studies.

  1. みんなで翻刻「アイヌ関連資料」翻刻協力者 (1854). 蝦夷語箋. 国立国語研究所所蔵本・みんなで翻刻
  2. Н. А. Невский (1936). От «Московии» к СССР (Октябрь и японский язык). Записки Института востоковедения Академии наук СССР, V, pp. 43–53
  3. 生森將人 (1978-03-15). 『北槎異聞』のロシア語. 大阪外国語大学学報 42, pp. 49–62
  4. 木崎良平 (1980-12-01). 『漂海紀聞』のロシア言語篇について. 立正大学文学部論叢 68, pp. 47–97
  5. 岩井憲幸 (2005-03-31). 幕末・明治初期成立のロシア語語彙集の研究. 明治大学人文科学研究所紀要 56, pp. 1–21
  6. 岩井憲幸 (2020-12-30). 『北槎聞略』巻之十一〈言語〉片仮名ロシア語索引. 明治大学教養論集 551, pp. 119–202
  7. まくぽり（@mkpoli） (2026-09-08). 『蝦夷語箋』ロシア語附録の語釈. X, thread