蝦夷方言藻汐草

コイ「浪」 → koy

Interpretation confidence: medium

Nakagawa directly gives the wave noun koy, also elicited in Mukawa. Tamura restricts koy to a word-building root in Saru and uses rir as the free noun; that dialect restriction does not invalidate the historical entry.

中川裕 1995 s.v. koy「波。」; 田村すず子 1996 s.v. koy「波。…」; 千葉大学鵡川辞書 chiba-mukawa/1#4007

リヽ「うねり」 → rir

Interpretation confidence: medium

Tamura gives rir for a wave, compatible with the swell heading. The repetition mark expands to リリ; final リ is interpreted as /r/, while riri remains a literal vowel comparison.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. rir「波。…」

ムカンネリ「うねり」 → mukannere

Interpretation confidence: low

Batchelor glosses Mukannere as undulating land, which does not establish a sea swell. The related historical comparison explains water rising without breaking, but its modern romanization is inherited editorial evidence. Final リ versus selected re also remains unsettled. Mukanneri preserves that vowel as a comparison only.

Batchelor 1938 p.306 s.v. Mukannere「adj. Undulating.」; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ムカン子リ

ナイ「沢」 → nay

Interpretation confidence: medium

Both Japanese dictionary definitions directly identify a stream or stream valley as 沢. Tamura’s broader English swamp/marsh wording should not displace this Japanese sense.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. nay「沢(川の支流､ 線状にくぼんでいて､ 通常は石や植物があり､ 水が流れている所､ またその流れ)。…」; 中川裕 1995 s.v. nay「①沢；〈参照〉ペッ pet。…」

トー「沼」 → to

Interpretation confidence: medium

The water-body noun to explicitly includes 沼. Homonyms for day, ten and a particle are irrelevant to this entry; the historical length mark is retained in the source field.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. to「(強めの助辞) mak suy ramu cisuye kor an hawe to an? マㇰ スイ ラム チスイェ コㇿ アン ハウェ ト アン? 何をまたたわごとを言っているんだろう。… ／ 湖､ 池､ 沼､ 水たまり。… ／ ほらあそこに､ あのずうっと遠い所に。… ／ 十(数え唱えるとき)｡… ／ (所は tóho トホ) ①日(太陽ではなく日にちの日)､ 昼間､ 日にち。…」（湖・池・沼）

シリシユムイ「地震」 → sirsimoye

Interpretation confidence: high

sir 'the land' + simoye 'moves'; the kana シユムイ renders simoye

萱野茂 1996『萱野茂のアイヌ語辞典』s.v. sirsimoye 地震; 田村すず子 1996 s.v. sir-simoye 地震が起こる

カウ〳〵「あられ」 → kawkaw

Interpretation confidence: medium

The repetition mark gives kawkaw, directly attested for あられ. Tamura distinguishes hail as konru, while Kayano includes both あられ and ひょう; this review follows the recorded Japanese heading.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. kawkaw「(空から降る)あられ(霰)。…」; 萱野茂 1996 s.v. kawkaw「あられ，ひょう．…」

ベセウシ「みぞれ」 → peseus

Interpretation confidence: medium

Batchelor explicitly records Peseush for sleet, supporting the form and the Japanese meaning. Final シ is interpreted as /s/ in this normalized comparison; the dictionary does not establish the exact pronunciation of the early source.

Batchelor 1938 p.389 s.v. Peseush「n. Sleet.」

ベシヨーニ「みぞれ」 → pesoni?

Interpretation confidence: low

The related historical table itself marks pesoni? as uncertain and supplies an explanation of icy water scattering and melting. This is inherited interpretation, with no independent whole-word confirmation found in the checked dictionaries. Pe soni tests segmentation only; no meaning is assigned to soni.

加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ベショーニ

トマリ「泊」 → tomari

Interpretation confidence: medium

Tamura directly gives a harbor or bay inlet and identifies a Japanese loan from 泊. A later dictionary’s loan label supplies no borrowing date; the historical トマリ remains the early source evidence.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. tomari「港､ 湾の入り江。…」

ワタラ「岩」 → watara

Interpretation confidence: medium

Tamura records an archaic or literary rock noun, matching 岩. Kayano gives the narrower flat-reef sense; the source does not require replacing the word with the ordinary stone noun suma.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. wátara「岩石､ 角の立った大きなゴロゴロした石。…」; 萱野茂 1996 s.v. watara「平磯．」

トイマ「遠い」 → tuyma

Interpretation confidence: medium

The stative verb tuyma directly means distant, matching 遠い. Historical トイ is compatible with this conventional modern identification.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. tuyma「遠い。…」

ハンゲ「近い」 → hanke

Interpretation confidence: medium

Hanke directly means near. The recorded voiced ゲ is preserved in transcription and normalized to k in the comparison.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. hanke「近い､ 近くなる。…」

ベツチヤ「川岸」 → petca

Interpretation confidence: medium

Tomita explicitly lists petca as a Shizunai riverbank term, matching 川岸. This later compilation supports the identification without establishing the historical speaker’s dialect or an early spelling; pet ca tests word division.

富田友幸 2021 s.v. petca「川岸」

ベツシヤム「川端た」 → petsam

Interpretation confidence: medium

Kayano’s pet-sam means riverbank and directly matches the recorded form. His example separates pet sam; joined petsam follows the lexical headword, with phrase spacing retained for comparison.

萱野茂 1996 s.v. petsam「川辺．…」

ベツシヤマ「川端た」 → pet sama

Interpretation confidence: medium

The final マ is accounted for by sama, the possessed positional form meaning beside. NINJAL directly records pet sama as 川のそば, supporting the full phrase independently of the historical transcription. Joined petsama remains a spacing comparison; the later online resource does not date this exact spelling to 1898.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. sama「(概は sam サㇺ)…のそば､ そのそば。… ／ …様。… ／ (ユーカラ(yúkar ユカㇻ)の中や雅語的慣用句の中で､ 多くの場合､ 位置名詞のあとに置かれて､ 音節数を整える。…」; 萱野茂 1996 s.v. petsam「川辺．…」; NINJAL ninjal-dict/061#65

ベツシヤムケタ「川端た」 → pet samake ta

Interpretation confidence: low

Mukawa records pet samake ta for beside the river and in a sentence about a tree standing there. This supports the complete locative phrase, but ム in the historical ムケ does not exactly match the modern make sequence. The transcription and low rating remain.

千葉大学鵡川辞書 chiba-mukawa/1#4125, #4127

ベツシヤマケタ「川端た」 → pet samake ta

Interpretation confidence: medium

The full expression is independently elicited in Mukawa as beside the river. Its final ta makes a locative phrase; the Japanese heading names the riverside more generally.

千葉大学鵡川辞書 chiba-mukawa/1#4125, #4127

シルヽ「陽海」 → sirur

Interpretation confidence: medium

Batchelor’s Shiruru names the ocean, supporting a sea comparison and a possible final vowel. The related historical table explains 陽海 as the water on the sunward side, but its sirur romanization is inherited editorial evidence. The precise directional referent and final r/ru remain open.

Batchelor 1938 p.469 s.v. Shiruru「n. The ocean.」; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. シル

ヘーシ「陽海」 → pes

Interpretation confidence: low

The compared noun pes denotes a coastal slope or cliff, not a directly attested 陽海 sea name. A coastal association is possible, but neither the historical meaning nor the connection to the adjacent シルヽ is established. Keep the lexical guess with a lower rating.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. pes「海岸の砂浜(otanikor オタニコㇿ)より上の､ 山になっている所(段丘(?))の斜面｡… ／ …に沿って下の方へ。…」（海岸段丘の斜面）; Batchelor 1938 p.389 s.v. Pesh「n. A long mountain or hill with flattish sides. A cliff. ／ adv. & v.i. To hang down. To descend. Towards the bottom. Towards the source of a stream or river. As:—Ni pesh ran, "to … ／ v.i. To trickle out. ／ n. The foot of a hill. The end of a lake. The lower reaches of a river.」

マカンルヽ「陰海」 → makanrur

Interpretation confidence: low

Batchelor directly pairs Makan-ruru with northern sea and 陰海. This supports the sense, while the source’s final repeated ル permits a vowel-bearing comparison makan ruru. The inherited joined makanrur is retained pending firmer evidence for word division and the historical regional referent.

Batchelor 1938 p.289 s.v. Makan-ruru「n. The northern sea.」; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. マカンル、

シリウクツ゚ル「境」 → sir'utur

Interpretation confidence: low

Kayano’s lexical headword sir'utur denotes the interval between here and there, compatible with a boundary. The normalized lexical spelling is used, but the additional ク in シリウクツ゚ル remains unexplained.

萱野茂 1996 s.v. sir'utur「あちらとこちらの間．…」

シリウツ゚ル「境」 → sir'utur

Interpretation confidence: medium

Kayano gives sir'utur for the intervening space, supporting the boundary identification and lexical spelling. Historical シリ is interpreted as sir; the marked ツ is read as tu in the selected comparison.

萱野茂 1996 s.v. sir'utur「あちらとこちらの間．…」

クリ「影」 → kuri

Interpretation confidence: medium

Batchelor directly records Kuri as shadow, shade or image. Tamura gives kuri(hi) as the possessed form of kur, shadow. Kuri accounts for the final リ, but an early kana rendering of final /r/ is also possible; the source alone does not establish possessed grammar. The recorded narrative biratori/006/003#131 uses kuri for a disappearing shadow or figure (1969 recording).

Batchelor 1938 p.282 s.v. Kuri「n. A cloud. Syn: Nishkuru. ／ n. A shadow. Shade. Form. Image. Cloud. Syn: Kuru. Nishkuru.」（陰）; 田村すず子 1996 s.v. kur「(所は kuri(hi) クリ(ヒ)) ①影(うつる影)。… ／ ①影､ 姿､ 見える形。… ／ …の人､ …する/した人。…」（影）

チウプケ「影」 → cupki

Interpretation confidence: medium

The modern references identify sunlight or radiance. The related historical explanation 月日のかけ makes a light/image interpretation of 影 plausible, but belongs to the same historical comparison tradition. Final ケ versus modern ki remains unresolved; cupke is a literal vowel comparison.

萱野茂 1996 s.v. cupki「日の光，輝く．」; 千葉大学鵡川辞書 chiba-mukawa/1#5409; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. チウフケ

シユマ「石」 → suma

Interpretation confidence: medium

Suma directly means stone, matching 石. Historical シユ is normalized to su without altering the source form.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. suma「石。…」

ヒツケ「石〔大なるは〕」 → pitke

Interpretation confidence: guess

transliteration of the kana; a stone word built on pi is expected here, but no dictionary lists pitke 'large stone' (Batchelor's Pitke is 'to have fits')

辞書未確認; cf. 田村すず子 1996 s.v. pi 小石, s.v. pit 敷物のおもりの小石

ポイナ「石〔中なるは〕」 → poyna

Interpretation confidence: medium

Batchelor 1938 Poina (p.397) denotes larger stones. This supports the stone identification, while the record places it in the middle-size category. The two size categories are not equivalent.

Batchelor 1938 s.v. Poina 大石 stones of a larger size

ヒニケウ「石〔小なるは〕」 → pinikew

Interpretation confidence: guess

transliteration of the kana; possibly pi 'pebble' + an unidentified element

辞書未確認; cf. 田村すず子 1996 s.v. pi 小石

フリマ「石〔小なるは〕」 → purima

Interpretation confidence: guess

Purima and hurima are transliteration alternatives for historical フ. Neither complete form was identified for the small-stone gloss in the consulted evidence. The spelling alone cannot establish the initial consonant.

辞書未確認

ルイ「砥」 → ruy

Interpretation confidence: medium

Both references explicitly attest the whetstone noun. The common ruy meaning intense or strong is a separate sense and supplies no evidence for 砥.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. ruy「①[自動]激しい。… ／ といし(砥石)。…」（砥石）; Batchelor 1938 p.428 s.v. Rui「n. A black-beetle. ／ n. A whetstone. A grindstone. ／ v.i. To burn. To blow. To come down as rain. As:—Abe rui, rera rui, apto rui, “the fire burns, the wind blows, and it is… ／ adj. Great. Expensive. Loud. Large. Rough. Coarse. As:—Aya rui ni, “coarse grained wood.”」（砥石）

ヲタシユマ「凝石」 → otasuma

Interpretation confidence: low

Batchelor directly attests Otashuma for pebbles, supporting the recorded Ainu. The Japanese field is 凝石 in the current transcription; the pebble comparison does not by itself resolve that heading. Word spacing remains a comparison, and the original Japanese is preserved.

Batchelor 1938 p.369 s.v. Otashuma「n. Pebbles.」

トイシユマ「凝石」 → toy suma

Interpretation confidence: low

The components toy, earth, and suma, stone, fit the kana, but their combination was not independently confirmed for the current Japanese 凝石 heading. This is a compositional hypothesis; joined toysuma is only a spelling comparison.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. toy「土地､ 地面､ 田畑。…」, suma「石。…」

シユツシユツプ「軽石」 → susurup?

Interpretation confidence: low

NINJAL attests susirup for pumice; the related historical table proposes susurup? and explains a pot-scouring object. The source シユツシユツプ does not clearly provide the medial r of either comparison. Keep the inherited guess uncertain; susirup is an attested semantic alternative and sususup is a partial spelling comparison, leaving the two ツ signs unexplained; it is not claimed as an attested word.

NINJAL ninjal-dict/039#34, 045#95; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. シュシュルブ

ピシタ「浜辺」 → pis ta

Interpretation confidence: medium

Kayano explicitly prints pis ta within the entry and an example; Mukawa independently records it for at the beach. The space preserves the locative ta rather than treating the whole expression as a bare beach noun.

萱野茂 1996 s.v. pista【pis ta】; 千葉大学鵡川辞書 chiba-mukawa/0#663

シツテキシヤム「浜端た」 → sitteksam

Interpretation confidence: medium

Tamura directly identifies a place along the seashore, matching 浜端た and the historical form. The lexical compound sitteksam supplies stronger support than the previous low rating.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. sitteksam「海岸沿いの所､ 沿岸地域。…」

ヲタシヤム「浜端た」 → otasam

Interpretation confidence: medium

Batchelor directly records Otasam for the seashore, supporting both kana and meaning. The joined headword is retained; ota sam remains a segmentation comparison.

Batchelor 1938 p.369 s.v. Otasam「n. The sea-shore.」

ベツプタ「川向ふ」 → petputa?

Interpretation confidence: low

The related table already marks petputa? uncertain and has no historical explanation. Pet kus ta fits the across-river sense but diverges markedly from プタ. Pet put ta resembles the kana but would suggest a river-mouth location, not establish 川向ふ. Neither alternative warrants replacing the guess. The river-mouth sense of pet put ta occurs in ainu-times/015/5#8.

加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ベツブタ; 田村すず子 1996 s.v. petkus「川向こう､ 川の向こう側。…」

ベタヌ「川の俣」 → petanu

Interpretation confidence: medium

Batchelor explicitly gives Petanu for a fork in a river, matching 川の俣. The related historical table also supplies 川わかれ. This supports the lexical identification without settling the internal etymology.

Batchelor 1938 p.390 s.v. Petanu「n. A fork in a river.」; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ベツタヌ

メム「古川」 → mem

Interpretation confidence: low

Modern mem means a spring; Batchelor also gives pond, lake or swamp. The related historical entry specifies standing water in an old channel, narrowing 古川. Batchelor’s Memoro directly means old river beds but contains an ending absent from メム. That longer form and mem or remain comparisons, not supplied source text.

中川裕 1995 s.v. mem¹「泉。」; Batchelor 1938 pp.296–297 s.v. Mem「adj. Cold. ／ n. A pond. Lake. Swamp. Syn: Memu.」, Memoro「n. Old river beds.」; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. メム

ヤ「岡」 → ya

Interpretation confidence: medium

Tamura explicitly glosses land as おか and Kayano includes 陸, 岸, おか. This supports the historical 岡 as land in contrast with the sea; no hill landform is inferred from that character alone.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. ya「(動詞句の後に置かれて) …か､ …でしょうか､ …かどうか。… ／ (歌のはやしの一部｡… ／ 網､ 魚をとる網､ (クモの)巣。… ／ (所は yáke ヤケ) ①(独立的に)陸地(｢おか｣)(ときどき北海道をさす)。…」（陸地）; 萱野茂 1996 s.v. ya「陸，岸，おか． ／ 網． ／ 〜か．… ／ 上る． ／ 〜（だ）よ．」（陸・岸）

ヤタ「岡」 → ya ta

Interpretation confidence: medium

Tamura’s ya ta example means on land, supporting separate locative ta. Batchelor’s Yata by land supplies a second comparison. The Japanese heading names land while the Ainu expresses a location.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. ya「(動詞句の後に置かれて) …か､ …でしょうか､ …かどうか。… ／ (歌のはやしの一部｡… ／ 網､ 魚をとる網､ (クモの)巣。… ／ (所は yáke ヤケ) ①(独立的に)陸地(｢おか｣)(ときどき北海道をさす)。…」（陸地）; Batchelor 1938 p.577 s.v. Yata「adv. By land.」

ヤベカ「丘陵」 → ya peka

Interpretation confidence: low

Kayano gives yapeka as from the landward direction. The recorded narrative nam-archive/kawakami-minwa/22#535 separates ya peka and contrasts travel over land with atuy ka peka over the sea (1985 recording). This supports the phrase and its spacing, but does not establish 丘陵 as hills. The lexical identification remains qualified and the historical gloss is unchanged.

萱野茂 1996 s.v. yapeka「陸の方から．…」; アイヌ語アーカイブ nam-archive/kawakami-minwa/22#535

ビタラ「川原」 → pitar

Interpretation confidence: medium

Both references directly give a stony riverbank or riverbed, matching 川原. The voiced initial ビ and final ラ are normalized in the selected comparison.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. pitar「川原(川縁の石原)。…」; 萱野茂 1996 s.v. pitar「川原，砂利原．…」

ツビラツカビウカ「川原」 → tu pitar ka piwka

Interpretation confidence: low

Pitar and piwka independently denote stony riverbank terrain; tu can mean two and ka an upper surface. These components do not attest the complete expression. The transcription ツビラツカ does not transparently match tu pitar ka, particularly ラツ versus タラ; tu pira ka piwka is a partial spelling comparison that still leaves the ツ before カ unaccounted for, without an established grammatical analysis. Retain the low rating.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. pitar「川原(川縁の石原)。…」, piwka「①玉石の川原､ 急流の縁で大きな玉石ばかりの川原。…」, tu「①二つの､ 二個の､ 二人の。… ／ (糸の)一本。…」, ka「(所は káha カハ)敷物などを編む糸､ 布を織る糸。… ／ (予想以上､ 追加､ 意外を表す｡… ／ (不定代名詞・疑問代名詞の後に置かれて)…か。… ／ (所は kasi カシ､ kas(i)ke(he) カㇱケ/カシケ(ヘ)) ①(…の)上(接触した上)､ …の見える側。…」

ラツカ「瀬」 → rakka

Interpretation confidence: medium

Batchelor explicitly gives rakka for a shallow or sandbank in a river, matching 瀬. Modern homonyms concerning smell or settling muddy water do not supply this sense.

Batchelor 1938 s.v. Rakka「n. A shoal. A dry space in a river. A sand bank. A shallow. ／ v.t. To put to settle as muddy or thick water.」（川ノ淺瀬）, PDF p.407

ヱチヤン「堀」 → ecan

Interpretation confidence: medium

Echan is directly glossed ditch or 堀割. Modern c replaces Batchelor’s ch; the historical form and ditch meaning agree.

Batchelor 1938 s.v. Echan「n. A ditch.」, PDF p.102

ウヲリ「堀」 → ouri

Interpretation confidence: low

Ouri means dig and occurs in sir-ouri, matching the adjacent シリウヲリ. It is a verb under the noun heading 堀. The former selection woroke means a hole beneath stones or moat, but adds ロケ absent from ウヲリ. Ouri is the closer lexical comparison; wori tests the historical vowel sequence without claiming independent attestation.

田村すず子 1996 s.v. ouri「(複は ourpa オウㇽパ) …を掘る。…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Woroke「n. A hole beneath stones. A moat.」, PDF p.557