Aynuitak Huskokampi Aomarepu アイヌ語古記録データベース Early Records Database of the Ainu Language

蝦夷方言藻汐草

えぞほうげん もしおぐさ · Ezo hōgen moshiogusa · 上原熊次郎・阿部長三郎 · 1792 · Wordlist · Place names · Characters · Catalogue record

Names & terms

Names and expressions in this work, with attestations in each witness.

All entries

3312 entries · 3397 attestations

Downloads: CSV · JSON · JSONL

ヱチヤン

Ainu

「堀」

ecanmedium
Echan is directly glossed ditch or 堀割. Modern c replaces Batchelor’s ch; the historical form and ditch meaning agree.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 2 · ヱチヤン

    …川メム岡ヤ ヤタ丘陵ヤベカ川原ビタラ ツビラツカビウカ瀬ラツカ堀ヱチヤン ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レラ…

ウヲリ

Ainu

「堀」

ourilow
Ouri means dig and occurs in sir-ouri, matching the adjacent シリウヲリ. It is a verb under the noun heading 堀. The former selection woroke means a hole beneath stones or moat, but adds ロケ absent from ウヲリ. Ouri is the closer lexical comparison; wori tests the historical vowel sequence without claiming independent attestation.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 2 · ウヲリ

    … ヤタ丘陵ヤベカ川原ビタラ ツビラツカビウカ瀬ラツカ堀ヱチヤン ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマ…

シリウヲリ

Ainu

「堀」

sirourilow
Nakagawa and NINJAL record sirouri for digging a hole; Tamura includes sir-ouri for digging ground. Their joined spelling replaces the inherited apostrophe. The verb explains the source by an action associated with 堀, so the noun/verb difference remains qualified.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 2 · シリウヲリ

    …陵ヤベカ川原ビタラ ツビラツカビウカ瀬ラツカ堀ヱチヤン ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプ…

ヌプカ

Ainu

「野」

nupkamedium
Batchelor directly gives plain, field or table-land, supporting 野. Kayano gives hill. These differing ranges are retained; the thicken homonym does not attest the landscape sense.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 3 · ヌプカ

    …ビタラ ツビラツカビウカ瀬ラツカ堀ヱチヤン ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マ…

シリユツ゚ル

Ainu

「坂」。sir’utur（あちらとこちらの間）と比較されるが、音形・語義の対応は未詳。

sir uturlow
Kayano’s intervening-space term is still only a topographic comparison for 坂. The source image preserves the slope heading and offers no reason to replace it with 境. The selected reading remains an unresolved hypothesis; apostrophe and joined variants test lexical spelling.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 4 · シリユツ゚ル

    …ツビラツカビウカ瀬ラツカ堀ヱチヤン ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リ…

ヘメシウ

Ainu

「坂」。hemesu（登る・上がる、単数の自動詞）と比較される。名詞の訳と動詞の意味が一致しない。

hemesulow
The singular verb hemesu means ascend or climb, compatible with movement on a slope. It does not directly name a 坂. The historical シウ sequence is compared with modern su, with the source unchanged.
田村すず子 1996 s.v. hemesu「(複は hemespa ヘメㇱパ)[he-mesu 頭・そぐ](魚が川上へ)上る､ (人が高い所へ)上がる､ (人が山に)登る。…」; 中川裕 1995 s.v. hemesu「（単） ヘメシパ hemespa（複）。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 4 · ヘメシウ

    …カ瀬ラツカ堀ヱチヤン ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコ…

ツ゚ー

Ainu

「坂」。tu の語義では説明できず、ru（道）とも語頭が異なる。原形未詳。

tulow
The marked ツ゚ supports a tu reading, but Tamura’s tu senses do not establish slope. Ru, road, is a semantic comparison with a different initial consonant; it cannot replace the source solely because it is a familiar topographic word.
田村すず子 1996 s.v. tu「①二つの､ 二個の､ 二人の。… ／ (糸の)一本。…」, ru「便所､ トイレ。… ／ (名詞化辞として)…する/したの…。… ／ とける､ (塩などが水に)溶ける､ (氷などが)融ける。… ／ (所は ruwe(he) ルウェ(ヘ)) ①跡､ 道。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 4 · ツ゚ー

    …堀ヱチヤン ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツ…

マクンベツ

Ainu

「枝川」

makun petmedium
Batchelor directly pairs Makun-pet with a tributary, 小川 and 枝川, resolving the previous mismatch with an inherited 古川 heading. NINJAL’s makun pet means the inland river; its spacing supports the selected phrase without equating the two glosses.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 5 · マクンベツ

    … ウヲリ シリウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキ…

レイラ

Ainu

「風」

reramedium
The wind noun directly matches 風. Sato specifically notes the Moshiogusa レイラ spelling when discussing historical vowel length; modern rera is a lexical normalization and does not settle that phonetic history. Reira retains the written vowel sequence for comparison.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 6 · レイラ

    …リウヲリ野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ …

チキナ

Ainu

「雫」

cik namedium
Kayano explicitly separates cik na as dripping, and Tamura supplies the same sequence in a sentence. This accounts for the final ナ as part of a phrase, while the heading 雫 is a noun. Batchelor’s joined Chikna also means drip and remains a comparison; the historical utterance’s syntax is not fully recoverable. Mukawa chiba-mukawa/0#4318 also uses cik na in a sentence about liquid dripping from a pot.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 7 · チキナ

    …野ヌプカ坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキラン…

レライアバマカ

Ainu

「暈」

rera apa makalow
The English–Ainu appendix explicitly lists rera apa maka for a halo; its earlier text extraction confirms the spacing. Rera-apa separately names a lunar halo. This supports a full expression beyond the inherited guess, but the extra イ in レライアバマカ remains unaccounted for. Rera i apa maka is a spelling comparison with no established full analysis.
Batchelor 1938 English–Ainu vocabulary s.v. Halo「チュㇷ゚・チセイ、レラ・アパ、レラ・アパ・マカ：n.…」, PDF p.628; s.v. Rera-apa, PDF p.421Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 8 · レライアバマカ

    …坂シリユツ゚ル ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシ…

チユツプキ

Ainu

「映」

cupkimedium
Kayano gives sunlight or shining and Mukawa records sunlight, supporting the source’s 映 heading. The historical final キ agrees with the lexical comparison.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 9 · チユツプキ

    …ヘメシウ ツ゚ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツ…

マツコイワク

Ainu

「飛星」

matkoiwakhigh
Kayano explicitly records the shooting-star sense as well as visiting a woman. The shooting-star sense and the recorded form directly agree, supporting the existing high lexical rating. Matkoywak is a contracted spelling comparison; no exact early pronunciation or etymological event is inferred. The only exact corpus match retrieved, x-social/aynuitak_jiji#1932, concerns visiting a woman and does not independently attest the shooting-star sense.
萱野茂 1996 s.v. matkoiwak「①（妻の所へ，女の所へ）通う，女の所へ通うこと，恋人の所へ通うこと．… ／ ②夜這い星，流れ星．」（夜這い星・流れ星）Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 10 · マツコイワク

    …ー枝川マクンベツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ…

リコフマツコイイロツク

Ainu

「飛星」

rikop matkoirwaklow
Rikop and matkoiwak independently support star and shooting star. The source image shows a cramped ending beside the main column, but does not securely settle the transcription’s イロツク sequence. Rikop matkoiwak remains the stronger semantic comparison; the existing matkoirwak remains explicitly unresolved rather than a confirmed lexical form.
Batchelor 1938 s.v. Rikop「n. A star. Anything over-head.」, PDF p.423; 萱野茂 1996 s.v. matkoiwak「①（妻の所へ，女の所へ）通う，女の所へ通うこと，恋人の所へ通うこと．… ／ ②夜這い星，流れ星．」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 10 · リコフマツコイイロツク

    …ツ風レイラ雫チキナ暈レライアバマカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲…

ヲキムンベ

Ainu

「山崩洪水」

okimunpemedium
The dictionaries and Mukawa directly attest a mountain flood or landslide. This matches 山崩洪水; the inherited spelling difference in its Japanese comparison does not justify the former low identification rating.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 11 · ヲキムンベ

    …マカ映チユツプキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マ…

ヲキランベ

Ainu

「山崩洪水」

okiranpelow
The historical kana supports the provisional okiranpe. Ran, descend, offers a possible component in a mountain-flood setting, but o ki ran pe has no established complete analysis. The adjacent attested okimunpe supports the topic without validating this different word.
田村すず子 1996 s.v. okimunpe「山から来る洪水(｢山津波｣)。…」, ran「(複は rap ラㇷ゚)[ra-n 下の方・(動詞形成)] 上から下へ下がる､ 下りる､ 川の方へ行く､ (空から)降る､ (涙やしずくが)落ちる。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 11 · ヲキランベ

    …プキ飛星マツコイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシ…

シヤルカクシベ

Ainu

「山崩洪水」

siyarkakuspelow
The source’s シヤルカクシベ and the earlier Hirayama comparison シヤルカリシベ differ in the middle. Sarkakuspe tests reading シヤ as sa; sarkarispe follows the alternative middle consonant. The image does not establish a complete modern word, and no whole-word flood or landslide sense was confirmed in the checked references.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 11 · シヤルカクシベ

    …コイワク リコフマツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯…

チユツプライ

Ainu

「交蝕」

cupraymedium
NINJAL directly records cupray for solar or lunar eclipse, agreeing with 交蝕. Kayano separates cup ray in the entry and specifies total eclipse. Both spellings are retained as attested comparisons; the source does not specify totality.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 12 · チユツプライ

    …ツコイイロツク山崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナ…

カイベ

Ainu

「立浪」

kaypemedium
Nakagawa specifies the breaking white crest of a wave and Batchelor gives breakers or surf, directly supporting 立浪.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 13 · カイベ

    …崩洪水ヲキムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナ…

メツ゚

Ainu

「泙」

metulow
The adjacent メト and ネトー invite comparison with attested calm-weather neto and modern noto. The marked final ツ゚ suggests tu, while both the first consonant and vowels differ from noto. The calm-condition interpretation of 泙 remains plausible, with no secure identification of this variant.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 14 · メツ゚

    …キムンベ ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケ…

メト

Ainu

「泙」

meto?low
Neto is directly attested for calm weather and noto for calm conditions. Meto preserves this variant’s initial メ but has no independently confirmed calm-weather sense in the references checked. The adjacent alternative supplies context without resolving the m/n difference. The single meto corpus hit, nam-archive/yukar/02#201, is an interrupted meto... metot sequence in a different context, not evidence for calm weather.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 14 · メト

    … ヲキランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカ…

ネトー

Ainu

「泙」

netomedium
Batchelor explicitly defines Neto as calm weather, supporting 泙 as a calm-condition heading; its sea-surface homonym is separate. Tamura’s noto remains a modern vowel comparison. The earlier Yakumo attribution is removed because these cited entries do not establish that dialect label. The 1923 Kamuyyukar collection also has neto in a sea-surface passage (yukie-kamuyyukar/003/0#5); its calm-sea translation does not isolate a separate calm-weather noun sense.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 14 · ネトー

    …ランベ シヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカ…

チクシ

Ainu

「曲径」

cikusimedium
Both sources attest a path; Tamura’s example explicitly describes a zigzag walking route. This supports 曲径 more precisely than the previous generic form match and raises the lexical identification to medium.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 15 · チクシ

    …ヤルカクシベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノ…

チシ

Ainu

「曲径」

cismedium
Batchelor has a separate Chish noun meaning a steep winding or precipitous path, directly supporting 曲径. The previous reference to crying selected the wrong homonym. The adjacent cikusi is another attested path term; no omitted syllable needs to be invented to explain cis.
Batchelor 1938 s.v. Chish「v.i. To cry. To weep. To sing (as a bird). As:—Chish hawe, “a weeping”; “a crying,” or “wailing.” Chish koro, “weeping,”… ／ n. A steep winding path. A precipitous path. Syn: Chikaye-chish. Ekaye-chish. Nangashke. Wen-shiri.」（嶮シキ道路）, PDF p.90Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 11, line 15 · チシ

    …シベ交蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ…

マツナウ

Ainu

「子」

matnawmedium
子 is a compass heading here. Tamura gives a north wind; Nakagawa’s Chitose entry instead gives a south wind with a warming-weather example. Sato’s Hokkai Zuihitsu transcription pairs マツナウ with north, providing an earlier written comparison while leaving dialect-dependent wind naming and exact early pronunciation open.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 1 · マツナウ

    …蝕チユツプライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ…

べシカンベ

Ainu

「丑」

peskanpelow
The related historical table supplies peskanpe under 丑, providing a candidate for this previously uninterpreted form. Its mountain-based explanation and romanization are inherited editorial evidence, with no independent full-word confirmation found. Pesikanpe retains the vowel of シ as an alternative; the compass sense remains unresolved.
加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ベシカンベSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 2 · べシカンベ

    …ライ立浪カイベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チ…

ラマト

Ainu

「寅」

ramatu?low
The historical comparison already marks ramatu? uncertain. The modern ramatu soul noun supplies no directional sense for 寅. Ramato preserves the recorded final vowel and ramat tests a final consonant; none is independently established as this compass name.
加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ラマト; 田村すず子 1996 s.v. ramatu(hu)「(概は ramat ラマッ)(＝ramatuhu ラマトゥフ)…の魂｡…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 3 · ラマト

    …ベ泙メツ゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ…

メナシ

Ainu

「卯」

menasmedium
Kayano gives east, matching the 卯 compass heading. Tamura describes a southeast-to-south wind, while Nakagawa gives north wind. The lexical identification is supported, but these dialect-dependent bearings must not be treated as one fixed compass equivalence.
萱野茂 1996 s.v. menas「東．」; 田村すず子 1996 s.v. menas「東南の方向の地域(沙流地方からみて静内・釧路の方を言う)。… ／ 南風(｢やませ｣､ 東南つまり静内・釧路の方向ないし南の方から吹いてくる風｡…」; 中川裕 1995 s.v. menas「北風。」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 4 · メナシ

    …゚ メト ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツト…

イカメナシ

Ainu

「辰」

ikamenasmedium
Both references explicitly identify a southeast wind. This supports the directional name in the vicinity of 辰; it does not independently prove the exact bearing assigned by this historical compass list.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 5 · イカメナシ

    … ネトー曲径チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニ…

ノテナイ

Ainu

「辰」

notenayguess
Batchelor gives south or south wind and NINJAL retains a question mark on its south-wind gloss. The recorded name has comparative support, but the precise association with 辰 remains unresolved; the existing guess rating is retained.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 5 · ノテナイ

    …チクシ チシ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤン…

ベケレピカタ

Ainu

「巳」

peker pikatalow
Peker pikata accounts for the full recorded ベケレピカタ, including ピ missing from the inherited pekerkata. The components mean bright and a wind name, but the whole expression is not independently attested for 巳. Peker ka ta reflects the shorter comparison and cannot silently replace the longer historical form.
田村すず子 1996 s.v. peker「①明るい。…」, pikata「真正面沖から(南西方向から)来るしけかぜ(｢しかた｣)。…」; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ベケレカタSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 6 · ベケレピカタ

    …シ子マツナウ丑べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲ…

ピカタ

Ainu

「午」

pikatamedium
Kayano includes south and south/southwest wind; Tamura specifies a southwest storm wind. Sato’s transcription pairs earlier ヒカタ with south. These support the word’s southern association and the 午 heading, without establishing one invariant bearing across speakers and periods.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 7 · ピカタ

    …べシカンベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカ…

アシノピカタ

Ainu

「未」

asnopikatalow
The inherited asnopikata fits the kana. Tamura attests a related asno- element in asnomenas but marks its internal analysis uncertain; that does not attest asnopikata or establish the strong-wind etymology supplied by the historical comparison. The precise 未 bearing remains unverified.
加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. アシノビカタ; 田村すず子 1996 s.v. asnomenas「真南風。…」, pikata「真正面沖から(南西方向から)来るしけかぜ(｢しかた｣)。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 8 · アシノピカタ

    …ベ寅ラマト卯メナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチ…

ヲモヨヲ

Ainu

「申」

omoyor?low
The inherited omoyor? follows a comparison ending ロ, whereas the current transcription ends ヲ. The earlier explanation describes wind blowing toward the sea, but supplies no independent confirmation of this name or the 申 bearing. Omoyo and omoyoro preserve the competing written endings as comparisons.
加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ヲモヨロSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 9 · ヲモヨヲ

    …ナシ辰イカメナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲ…

シユム

Ainu

「酉」

summedium
The west sense directly matches 酉. Mukawa records sum as west, and Sato’s earlier transcription has シヤム with that meaning. Tamura distinguishes this directional root from oil and withering; those homonyms are irrelevant here.
田村すず子 1996 s.v. sum「(所は sumi(hi) スミ(ヒ)) あぶら､ 油脂 (液状のも固体のも)。… ／ 西(有珠・虻田の方法)。… ／ 不作である。…」（西）; 千葉大学鵡川辞書 chiba-mukawa/1#4182; 佐藤知己 2009 pp.46,51『北海随筆』Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 10 · シユム

    …メナシ ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメ…

チカイネフ

Ainu

「戌」

cikayneplow
Ota lists a west-northwest wind but explicitly cites Ezo-ki and Moshiogusa. This is a historical-source-dependent listing, with no independent speaker attestation established here. The inherited explanation involving the world’s corner remains unverified. Cikay ne p tests segmentation only; the precise 戌 bearing is not independently confirmed.
太田満 2022 s.v. せいほくせい（西北西）; 加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. チカイ子ブSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 11 · チカイネフ

    …ノテナイ巳ベケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ ク…

ヲツトムン

Ainu

「亥」

ottomun?low
The inherited ottomun? and explanation of wind moving toward the sea remain uncertain. The source supports the consonant sequence, but no independent whole expression for the 亥 direction was confirmed. Otomun and ot tom un test consonant and boundary interpretations without asserting their meanings.
加賀家文書『蝦夷語和解』深澤美香 2016 対照データ s.v. ヲツトムンSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 12 · ヲツトムン

    …ケレピカタ午ピカタ未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノ…

ヤアシヤンベ

Ainu

見出しなし

yasanpeguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed for this supplementary wind name. Yasanpe remains an unanalysed historical comparison; yaasanpe and yasiampe are alternatives, and the source length is unresolved. The closing note says bearings vary by locality, so no fixed bearing is established.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 14 · ヤアシヤンベ

    …未アシノピカタ申ヲモヨヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピ…

ヲチユクカンベ

Ainu

「丑」

ocupka-unlow
Batchelor attests Ochupka-un for the eastern region, providing a comparison but not the historical 丑 bearing. The selected form also omits final ベ and differs from the recorded クカ sequence. Ocupka un pe preserves a possible final pe but remains unverified; ocukkanpe tests the transcription more literally. The small 丑 is explicitly printed with this additional name.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 14 · ヲチユクカンベ

    …ヲ酉シユム戌チカイネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブ…

アツイチヤルグシ

Ainu

見出しなし

atuy car kuslow
No separate Japanese heading is printed here; the preceding small 丑 does not establish the scope of this item. Atuy “sea”, car “mouth”, and kus “pass through” are component comparisons. The full phrase and final シ as s or si remain uncertain; atuy carkus and atuy car kusi are alternatives.
田村すず子 1996 s.v. atuy「海。…」, kus「クㇱ ／ (川)の向こう側。… ／ (場所)を通る。…」; 萱野茂 1996 s.v. car/caro(ho)「チャㇻ／チャロ（ホ） 【car/caro(ho)】口．」; 藻汐草 ninjal-1 p.12 l.15 source imageSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 12, line 15 · アツイチヤルグシ

    …イネフ亥ヲツトムン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベ…

ヲウンヲメツトラシ

Ainu

見出しなし

References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 1 · ヲウンヲメツトラシ

    …ン右之外ニヤアシヤンベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカ…

クシユ

Ainu

見出しなし

kusuguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed for this wind-list occurrence. Hirayama distinguishes grammatical クシュ¹ from unanalysed directional クシュ². Kusu is a tentative reading only: the independently documented grammatical word means “because/for” and supplies no wind sense. Kus “cross/pass through” is another comparison, with the final vowel unresolved; kusyu tests the kana sequence without identifying a lexeme. Same-line placement beside ヲウンヲメツトラシ does not establish synonymy or a shared bearing.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. クシュ¹「① 依之；② それによって(クス)」, クシュ²「① (皆其所により方位替る)；②」; Tamura 1996 s.v. kus(u)「①(動詞句の後で) …するために､ …したから｡…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Kush「n. Shells or burrs of chestnuts. Syn: Push. ／ v.t. To pass over. To cross. To cross as a river. To traverse. As:—Kush wa oman, ／ adv. If.」, PDF p.283Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 1 · クシユ

    …ベ 丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブ…

ユバツノテナイ

Ainu

見出しなし

yupat notenayguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed. Notenay is supported as a comparison by Batchelor’s Notenai “south” and Notenai rera “south wind”; the NINJAL entry itself marks 南（風）（？） as uncertain. Yupat remains unidentified. Yupat notenay tests a division, yupatnotenay leaves it joined, and yupatu notenay retains a vowel for ツ. Neither the whole compound nor a fixed bearing is established; the source says bearings vary by locality.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. ユバツノテナイ「① （皆其所により方位替る）；②」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Notenai「n. The south. As:—Notenai rera, "the south wind."」, PDF p.333; NINJAL topical dictionary 044#70Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 2 · ユバツノテナイ

    …丑 ヲチユクカンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モ…

シノピカタ

Ainu

見出しなし

sino pikatalow
No separate Japanese heading is printed. Sino “true” as a modifier and pikata as a wind name support the proposed division sino pikata. “True pikata wind” is a component-based explanation; an independent whole-expression definition has not been established. Sinopikata remains a spelling alternative. Tamura locates pikata to the southwest, Kayano includes south and southwest, and Nakagawa leaves its bearing unclear. No universal compass direction or eighteenth-century pronunciation is inferred.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. シノビカタ「① (皆其所により方位替わる)；②」; Tamura 1996 s.v. sino「まことに､ 本当に､ たいそう､ 非常に。… ／ 真の､ まことの。…」, pikata「真正面沖から(南西方向から)来るしけかぜ(｢しかた｣)。…」; Nakagawa 1995 s.v. sino「本当に。…」, pikata「風の名称；どちらから吹く風かははっきりしない。」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 2 · シノピカタ

    …ンベ アツイチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モル チウヱル…

ピカタコバツ

Ainu

見出しなし

pikata kopatguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed here; the small 未 accompanies the following ラレブニ. Pikata is a documented wind name, but kopat remains unidentified. Pikata kopat, pikatakopat and pikata kopatu test division and the final ツ. Narita records ビカタコバツ under 未 in the 1854 話通言, with アシノビカタ alongside it. He also notes apparent copying from Moshiogusa elsewhere in that work. This is a later textual comparison of uncertain independence, consulted through Narita; it neither establishes kopat’s meaning nor supplies this entry with a Japanese heading.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. ピカタコバツ「① (皆其所により方位替る)；②」; Tamura 1996 s.v. pikata「真正面沖から(南西方向から)来るしけかぜ(｢しかた｣)。…」; Narita 2010, 嘉永七年のアイヌ語について pp.26,58,69 n.5Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 3 · ピカタコバツ

    …イチヤルグシヲウンヲメツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モル チウヱルイベシヨロ皆…

ラレブニ

Ainu

「未」

ra repunilow
The image places a small 未 immediately before ラレブニ, within a list whose closing note says directions vary by locality. Ota’s rarepuni concerns signalling with the eyebrows and provides no wind sense. The retained ra + repun-i analysis is conjectural; neither its final i nor a complete directional meaning is established.
Ota 2022 s.v. 合図・眉; Kayano 1996 s.v. ra「下る． ／ 下，下の方，低い所．」; Tamura 1996 s.v. repun「(＝rep un レㇷ゚ ウン) 沖の､ 沖にある/いる。… ／ 沖に出る､ 沖の方へ行く､ 海を越えて(他の島や外国へ)行く。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 3 · ラレブニ

    …メツトラシ クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モル チウヱルイベシヨロ皆其所により方位替…

ヲモルンカイベカクシ

Ainu

見出しなし

omorun kaype ka kusguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed for this supplementary name. Kaype, ka and kus allow a component comparison involving passing over wave crests, but omorun and the whole expression remain unidentified. Omorunkaypekakus and o mor un kaype ka kus are spelling or division hypotheses; no fixed bearing is established.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. オモルンカイベカクシ「① (皆其所により方位替る)；②」; Nakagawa 1995 s.v. kaype「波がしら。…」; Tamura 1996 s.v. ka「(所は káha カハ)敷物などを編む糸､ 布を織る糸。… ／ (予想以上､ 追加､ 意外を表す｡… ／ (不定代名詞・疑問代名詞の後に置かれて)…か。… ／ (所は kasi カシ､ kas(i)ke(he) カㇱケ/カシケ(ヘ)) ①(…の)上(接触した上)､ …の見える側。…」, kus「クㇱ ／ (川)の向こう側。… ／ (場所)を通る。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 4 · ヲモルンカイベカクシ

    … クシユユバツノテナイ シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モル チウヱルイベシヨロ皆其所により方位替る峯シリキタイ高リイ浜…

ヲウン

Ainu

見出しなし

ounguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed for this list occurrence. Batchelor’s affirmative Oun and Tamura’s oun “be stuck in” supply incompatible sense matches for the wind context. Oun and o un remain tentative readings with no established directional meaning.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 4 · ヲウン

    … シノピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モル チウヱルイベシヨロ皆其所により方位替る峯シリキタイ高リイ浜ゟ出し風…

ピカタホレブニ

Ainu

見出しなし

pikata horepuniguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed for this supplementary name. Pikata horepuni is a tentative reading; pikata is a wind name, while horepuni remains unidentified. Pikata ho repun i tests a division without proving its grammar or meaning. The source says bearings vary by locality.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. ピカタホレプニ「① (皆其所により方位替る)；②」; Tamura 1996 s.v. pikata「真正面沖から(南西方向から)来るしけかぜ(｢しかた｣)。…」, repun「(＝rep un レㇷ゚ ウン) 沖の､ 沖にある/いる。… ／ 沖に出る､ 沖の方へ行く､ 海を越えて(他の島や外国へ)行く。…」, horepasi「沖の方から。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 5 · ピカタホレブニ

    …ピカタピカタコバツ 未 ラレブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モル チウヱルイベシヨロ皆其所により方位替る峯シリキタイ高リイ浜ゟ出し風ケシカクベシ泊…

チウヱルイベシヨロ

Ainu

見出しなし

ciw eruype soroguess
No separate Japanese heading is printed here. Ciw “current”, Tokoro eruype “salmon”, and soro “river bend” are individual comparisons; they do not establish the previously suggested compound as a wind name. Ciweruypesoro and ciw eruy pe soro test spelling or division, with eruy unidentified here.
Tamura 1996 s.v. ciw「… にささる､ …を刺す､ しみる(薬がしみて痛い)。… ／ 流れ。…」; Chiri, animal volume §067 s.v. eruype「エルイペ §067 サケ あきあじ、あきやじ 海(4) eruype (e-rúy-pe)「エるイペ」[<eru(光る)ipe(魚)]｟常呂｠シロッケ」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Shoro「n. A river bend.」, PDF p.477Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 13, line 6 · チウヱルイベシヨロ

    …ブニ ヲモルンカイベカクシ ヲウンピカタホレブニ ヲウン モル チウヱルイベシヨロ皆其所により方位替る峯シリキタイ高リイ浜ゟ出し風ケシカクベシ泊ゟ出し風トマクベシ峠ルチシ岡の道マ…