Aynuitak Huskokampi Aomarepu アイヌ語古記録データベース Early Records Database of the Ainu Language

蝦夷方言藻汐草

えぞほうげん もしおぐさ · Ezo hōgen moshiogusa · 上原熊次郎・阿部長三郎 · 1792 · Wordlist · Place names · Characters · Catalogue record

Names & terms

Names and expressions in this work, with attestations in each witness.

All entries

3312 entries · 3397 attestations

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シマウタチユツプ

Ainu

「六月」

simawtacupmedium
Kayano’s simawtacup matches both the recorded シマ and the sixth-month heading. The companion transcription has シュマ and offers sumawtacup and simawtacup as alternatives. The selected simawtacup has direct dictionary support. Batchelor assigns Shimauta-chup to July. The sole corpus hit uses simawtacup for August: the radio PDF confirms that translation and attributes the word to Yamamoto Tasuke’s dictionary. This is lexical evidence with a different month alignment, and its stated etymology should not be transferred automatically to this source.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 19, line 11 · シマウタチユツプ

    …三月モキウタチユツプ四月シキウタチユツプ五月モハウタチユツプ六月シマウタチユツプ七月モニヨーラプ八月シュヨーラプ九月ウンボケチユツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十…

モニヨーラプ

Ainu

「七月」

moniyorapmedium
Kayano directly lists both moniyorap and moniyorapcup for the seventh month. The manuscript records モニヨーラプ without チユツプ, so the shorter dictionary headword accounts for the complete source form. Hirayama’s comparison uses the longer form. Batchelor’s longer form is also a seventh-month name. No full corpus match was retrieved. The Foundation for Ainu Culture’s Shizunai calendar gives moniyorak as a comparative k-final regional form; the source’s プ supports p here.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 19, line 12 · モニヨーラプ

    …四月シキウタチユツプ五月モハウタチユツプ六月シマウタチユツプ七月モニヨーラプ八月シュヨーラプ九月ウンボケチユツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬…

シュヨーラプ

Ainu

「八月」

suyorapguess
The second glyph is a separate, compressed character whose shape may represent エ or ニ; a small ュ is not clearly established. Hirayama transcribes シエヨーラプ and leaves its modern identification blank. Kayano siniyorap directly names the eighth month, making it the strongest lexical alternative if the disputed glyph is ニ. Batchelor Shiniorap-chup has the same month sense with a longer ending. Sieyorap follows the エ possibility. None of these searched forms occurs in the corpus. The current suyorap interpretation is a guess while the transcription remains unresolved.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 19, line 13 · シュヨーラプ

    …ツプ五月モハウタチユツプ六月シマウタチユツプ七月モニヨーラプ八月シュヨーラプ九月ウンボケチユツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ…

ウンボケチユツプ

Ainu

「九月」

urepokecupmedium
The facsimile clearly shows レ in ウレボケチユツプ. Kayano urepokecup directly matches the full form and ninth-month gloss; Hirayama and the companion transcription agree. This supports the full modern form urepokecup. Tamura’s shorter urepok names the tenth month and has a foot-underneath explanation, whereas the companion gives a different traditional explanation. All three shorter-form corpus hits concern the tenth month, including a NINJAL entry and its bot copy. The full urepokecup form has no retrieved corpus hit; the regional month offset remains explicit.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 19, line 14 · ウンボケチユツプ

    …チユツプ六月シマウタチユツプ七月モニヨーラプ八月シュヨーラプ九月ウンボケチユツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下…

シユナンチユツプ

Ainu

「十月」

sunancupmedium
Kayano directly gives sunancup for the tenth month and analyzes it through torch-lit salmon fishing. The companion explanation likewise mentions lighting bark for river fishing. Batchelor uses Shunan-chup for a salmon-fishing period spanning late November and early December; NINJAL gives the eleventh month. The sole full-form corpus hit is that NINJAL dictionary entry. These support the form and cultural association while leaving the historical calendar correspondence qualified. A mechanical sun an cup segmentation would conceal Kayano’s fuller sune-an-cup analysis.
Kayano 1996 s.v. sunancup「10月．…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Shunan-chup「n. The space of time comprising the latter part of November and the first part of December during which time the Ainu ca…」, PDF p.480; NINJAL topical dictionary, 時間 #32Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 19, line 15 · シユナンチユツプ

    …チユツプ七月モニヨーラプ八月シュヨーラプ九月ウンボケチユツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タ…

クイカイチユツプ

Ainu

「十一月」

kuykaycupmedium
Batchelor’s Kuikai-chup matches the recorded クイカイチユツプ and eleventh-month heading. Kuykaycup expresses its glide spellings in a joined month-name form. Kayano kuwekaycup has the same month number but a different medial vowel sequence; the companion offers three alternatives from クエカエ. Tamura’s shorter kuwekay is instead a second-month name with a trap-bow explanation. The kuykay/kuwekay relationship and historical calendar alignment remain qualified. No queried complete form or shorter bow-month comparison was retrieved in the corpus.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 1 · クイカイチユツプ

    …プ八月シュヨーラプ九月ウンボケチユツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホ…

チウルプ

Ainu

「十二月」

ciwrupmedium
Kayano explicitly gives ciwrup for the twelfth month, matching 十二月 and チウルプ. A 1997 newspaper passage uses ciwrup with the explicit clarification 12 cup. The radio course labeled fiscal 2019 instead uses ciwrup for the first month; its printed lesson is 40, although the corpus ID contains 38. Tamura’s curup is a twelfth-month variant with an explicitly uncertain etymology; NINJAL curup is the first month. Batchelor’s Churup-chup adds cup, which the source does not record. The full ciwrup form has direct support, with calendar variation retained. The separate しゞみ entry in volume 2 requires its own lexical analysis.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 2 · チウルプ

    …ウンボケチユツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨…

アシンノチユツプ

Ainu

「上旬」

asinno cuplow
Asinno is documented as an adverb “newly”, and cup as “month/moon”. Hirayama repeats the source expression under 上旬, but an independent definition of asinno cup as the first ten days has not been located. Asinnocup tests joining. Asir cup and asircup are lexical comparisons for a new moon; the corpus also uses asir cup for next month. Their adjective differs from asinno. The proposed division is retained with lower confidence; no precise day interval or historical pronunciation follows from these comparisons.
Tamura 1996 s.v. asinno「新しく､ 新たに。…」, cup「①(年月日の)月 ②…カ月(月数の単位)。… ／ (所は cupi(hi) チュピ(ヒ))女性の生殖器としての腹､ おなか。… ／ 月､ 太陽。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. asinno「新しく．」; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. アシンノチュップ「① 上旬；② 始めて(アシンノ)月(チュプ)」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Ashiri-chup「n. The new moon.」, PDF p.55Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 3 · アシンノチユツプ

    …ツプ十月シユナンチユツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイト…

チユツプシカリ

Ainu

「中旬」

cup sikarimedium
Kayano explicitly gives cup sikari for a full moon, and NINJAL gives “the moon is round”. Tamura includes the phrase in cup sikari sirara. This supports separating cup and sikari. A full-moon description is compatible with the middle of a lunar month, while the precise ten-day interval 中旬 remains qualified. Cupsikari tests joining; sikari cup occurs with a full-moon translation in a 2013 Ainu Times sentence and reverses the word order. Neither the later sentence nor the companion extract independently dates the romanization to the historical source.
Kayano 1996 s.v. cup sikari「満月：月が丸い．」; Tamura 1996 s.v. cup「①(年月日の)月 ②…カ月(月数の単位)。… ／ (所は cupi(hi) チュピ(ヒ))女性の生殖器としての腹､ おなか。… ／ 月､ 太陽。…」, sikari「丸い。…」; NINJAL topical dictionary 043#13; Uehara/Fukasawa comparison extract s.v. チウツフシカリSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 4 · チユツプシカリ

    …ツプ十一月クイカイチユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ…

チユツプニン

Ainu

「下旬」

cup ninmedium
Nin describes shrinking or decreasing, including the moon; NINJAL explicitly records cup nin for a waning moon. This supports dividing cup nin. The waning phase is compatible with the latter part of a lunar month, but its exact equivalence to the ten-day interval 下旬 remains qualified. Cupnin tests joining. The two corpus matches are the NINJAL dictionary item and a social-media copy of it, supplying one underlying example.
Tamura 1996 s.v. nin「減る｡…」, cup「①(年月日の)月 ②…カ月(月数の単位)。… ／ (所は cupi(hi) チュピ(ヒ))女性の生殖器としての腹､ おなか。… ／ 月､ 太陽。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. nin「萎む，減る，縮む：だんだんぺしゃんこになっていく（川の水，なっぱを煮た時，月末の月）．… ／ 腺組織．…」; NINJAL topical dictionary 043#14; Uehara/Fukasawa comparison extract s.v. チウツフニンSource passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 5 · チユツプニン

    …チユツプ十二月チウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン…

タント

Ainu

「今日」

tantomedium
The dictionaries agree on tanto “today”, directly matching 今日／タント. Corpus narratives also use it in a today/yesterday contrast. Tanto is retained as the lexical spelling; tan to displays the dictionary analysis “this day”. Later records corroborate the word and sense, without establishing the source’s historical pronunciation or turning repeated matches into independent attestations.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 6 · タント

    …ウルプ上旬アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシ…

ヌマニ

Ainu

「昨日」

numanmedium
Numan “yesterday” is independently documented and matches 昨日. It is retained as the modern comparison. The source ends in ニ; numani tests that written vowel, and no whole-form corpus match was found. The lexical identification is well supported, while interpreting historical ニ as modern final n remains a normalization hypothesis. The companion extract also prints ヌマニ but supplies modern numan; this is dependent comparison material.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 7 · ヌマニ

    …アシンノチユツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガ…

ホシケヌマニ

Ainu

「一昨日」

hoskinumanmedium
Hoskinuman is documented for the day before yesterday, matching 一昨日. Hoski numan displays its components. The recorded ケ and final ニ remain visible in the comparisons hoske numan and hoskinumani; the modern lexical form does not establish the older vowels. Corpus matches include dictionary copies and repeated textbook examples, so their total is not an independent-witness count. The meaning is supported and the historical sound correspondence remains qualified.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 8 · ホシケヌマニ

    …ツプ中旬チユツプシカリ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前…

ホシケヌマニイトユタ

Ainu

「一昨前日」

hoskinuman itoyutaguess
The facsimile supports イトユタ. Itoyuta retains its ユ vowel, which the former itoyta omitted; hoskinuman remains a modern comparison for the initial ホシケヌマニ. Hirayama prints the competing ending イタユタ, tested as itayuta, but its comparison explains only the first element. Etoko ta “previously/before” suggests a possible relative-day construction, requiring unexplained イ／エ and ユ／コ differences. Hoskiannuman is documented for three days ago, although the Mukawa extracts give both おととい and 一昨昨日. It has a different structure. Etoyta “plant/sow” does not explain the day gloss. No complete expression or tail meaning is established.
Tamura 1996 s.v. hoskinuman「一昨日､ おととい。…」, hoskiannuman「一昨昨日(一昨日の前の日)｡…」, etoko(ho)「(概は etok エトㇰ) ①…の先､ 前。…」, etoyta「…を植える､ (種を､ 一つ一つ落して)まく。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. hoskiannuman「一昨々日，さきおととい．…」; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. ホシケヌマニイタユタ「① 一昨前日；② 一昨日 (ホシキヌマン)」; Chiba 2002 Mukawa vocabulary 0#958, 1#1174; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Etokota, PDF p.137Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 9 · ホシケヌマニイトユタ

    …リ下旬チユツプニン今日タント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリ…

ニシヤツタ

Ainu

「明日」

nisattamedium
Nisatta is independently documented as “tomorrow”, matching 明日. Batchelor’s Nishatta also supplies an older sh spelling, consistent with modern s for the source シャ. Corpus narrative contexts support the same relative-day sense. Nisat ta displays the dawn-related analysis given by Tamura; its separated corpus examples refer to daybreak and do not automatically attest the lexical meaning “tomorrow”. The joined modern reading is retained.
Tamura 1996, Kayano 1996 and Nakagawa 1995 s.v. nisatta「明日；ニサッタ ネ nisatta ne〔明日（になったら）〕。…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Nisatta「adv. To-morrow. (From nish, "day-break"; at, "is" ta, "the time of".」, Nishatta「adv. To-morrow. (From nish, "day-break"; at, "is" ta, "the time of".」, PDF p.324Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 10 · ニシヤツタ

    …ント昨日ヌマニ一昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマ…

ヲヤシユン

Ainu

「明後日」

oyasunlow
Oyasun follows ヲヤシユン. Modern oyasim independently means “the day after tomorrow”, matching 明後日, but its last vowel and nasal differ. Fukasawa compares Bihoro oyasunke; its extra ending is absent here, so it supplies no dialect assignment. Oyasum tests an intermediate nasal reading. No exact oyasun corpus match was found. The source-like proposal is retained at lower confidence, with oyasim as the stronger lexical comparison.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 11 · ヲヤシユン

    …昨日ホシケヌマニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ…

トノヽシケ

Ainu

「昼」

tononoskemedium
Both 昼 and 昼九ツ時 record トノヽシケ, whose iteration mark repeats ノ. Tononoske retains that sequence; tononoski has an independent midday dictionary entry and a 1977 narrative context. Tamura labels tónonnoski “old” and gives a midday range extending to about 11 a.m.; the shorter tónoski comparison is labelled “new” there and also has a lake-centre homonym. Tononnoski tests the extra nasal, and tononnoske combines that comparison with final e. These support a midday identification at medium confidence, without establishing an exact historical clock conversion or silently replacing the source vowels. Two tononnoski social-media matches repeat one author’s forecast wording.
Tamura 1996 s.v. tónonnoski「お昼頃(11時頃でもよい)。…」, tónoski「(＝to noski ト ノㇱキ)湖/沼の真ん中。… ／ 昼､ 正午､ 12時頃。…」; NINJAL topical dictionary 002#11; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. トノノシケ¹「① 昼；② 真昼、正午 (トノシキ)」, トノノシケ²「① 昼九つ時；② 真昼、正午 (トノシキ)」; Fukasawa 2016 p.86Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 12 · トノヽシケ

    …マニ一昨前日ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル…

トーガプ

Ainu

「昼」

tókapmedium
Tókap “daytime” directly fits 昼 and is retained alongside トノヽシケ. Tamura and narrative day/night contrasts support this sense. The NINJAL dictionary also has a breast homonym with the same spelling, which contributes to raw corpus counts. Tokap noski is a narrower noon comparison with an extra element absent from トーガプ. The acute accent follows the modern dictionary; the source’s length mark does not independently establish that accent. The ガ and final プ are represented by modern k and p.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 12 · トーガプ

    …ホシケヌマニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ…

アンチカラ

Ainu

「夜」

ancikarmedium
Ancikar is independently documented for a night or evening, matching 夜. Batchelor prints アンチカラ with the night sense, supporting the full recorded sequence. Modern ancikar is retained, with ancikara testing the final written vowel and an cikar displaying a possible division. Tamura leaves the second element’s etymology uncertain, so no literal derivation is selected. Narrative night-duration examples corroborate the sense; two untranslated ancikara social-media matches alone do not establish a spoken final vowel.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 13 · アンチカラ

    …ニイトユタ明日ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝…

ヲヌマカ

Ainu

「夜前」

onumakalow
Onumaka follows the recorded ヲヌマカ. Onumanka adds an unrecorded nasal; Fukasawa explicitly leaves that form unconfirmed. Onuman “evening” is attested, but leaves final カ unexplained. One onuman ka corpus example means “also in the evening” and does not establish a compound. Onuma ka tests division without identifying onuma. Japanese 夜前 normally means the previous night; ukuran fits that sense but is phonologically remote. The whole form and its relationship to the Japanese remain unresolved, with lower confidence and separate alternatives.
Uehara/Fukasawa comparison extract s.v. ヲヌマカ; Fukasawa 2016 p.73; Tamura 1996 s.v. onuman「夕方､ 晩(もう薄暗くなった頃､ 夕食を食べる頃)。…」, ukuran「ゆうべ､ 昨晩(昨日寝て今朝起きるまでの間)。…」; Nakagawa 1995 s.v. ukuran「①ゆうべ。…」; Kanjipedia s.v. 夜前Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 14 · ヲヌマカ

    …ニシヤツタ明後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツ…

アンノシケ

Ainu

「夜中」

annoskemedium
The source clearly has アンノシケ with no メ. Batchelor prints the same kana for midnight, and NINJAL independently lists annoske under 夜中. Annoske replaces anmenoske? at medium confidence. Annoski is the modern dictionary comparison, an noske tests division, and annonoske tests an additional syllable. The companion アンメノシケ supplies anmenoske, with Fukasawa discussing a possible メ／ノ error there. That differs from this witness and gives no reason to insert メ into its reading.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 20, line 15 · アンノシケ

    …後日ヲヤシユン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼…

シリヲヌマ

Ainu

「夕」

sir'onumanmedium
The normalized reading sir'onuman retains the sir + onuman boundary. Tamura writes sir-onuman, and Kayano's entry body also gives sir-onuman; a joined export headword is not a reason to remove that boundary. Nakagawa's sironuman is retained as a cited spelling. The source's リ and missing final ン remain historical spelling questions. The evening identification has lexical support; those differences do not require a new modern word.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 1 · シリヲヌマ

    …ン昼トノヽシケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツ…

ヲヌマン

Ainu

「夕」

onumanmedium
Onuman is documented as evening or dusk, directly matching 夕／ヲヌマン. It remains the lexical reading. Onuma tests the ending of the paired シリヲヌマ form; that missing-n spelling has no exact corpus match. The two expressions share a Japanese heading, but sir'onuman describes becoming evening and onuman can name the time itself. Narrative contexts support the evening sense without dating the historical pronunciation.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 1 · ヲヌマン

    …ケ トーガプ夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九…

シリクンネ

Ainu

「日暮」

sirkunnehigh
Sirkunne is explicitly documented for becoming dark, night falling, or the sun setting, directly matching 日暮. The joined form and existing high lexical-identification rating are retained. Sir-kunne is a dictionary spelling and sir kunne displays the components. The historical シリ vowel is not independently resolved by the modern spelling. Later narrative examples establish the same darkness sense, not a numerical probability of the older pronunciation.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 2 · シリクンネ

    …夜アンチカラ夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ…

トーベケル

Ainu

「暁」

topekermedium
Batchelor explicitly gives To-pekere for “in the morning”, supporting the whole-form comparison behind topeker. Confidence rises to medium, while the narrower 暁 “dawn” sense remains qualified. Topekere retains Batchelor’s final vowel; to peker tests division. Its single untranslated social-media match does not independently establish dawn. Sirpeker is a documented dawn comparison with a different initial element. The source’s length mark supplies no proof of a modern accent or phonemic long vowel.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 3 · トーベケル

    …夜前ヲヌマカ夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユ…

ニシヤツ

Ainu

「暁」

nisatmedium
Nisat is documented for daybreak and the faint light of the dawn sky, directly fitting 暁. The modern spelling represents historical シャ with s and final ツ with t. Peker nisat and kunne nisat are documented descriptions of dawn conditions, with additional elements absent from ニシヤツ. The retained reading is supported as a lexical identification; no exact clock time is assigned.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 3 · ニシヤツ

    …夜中アンノシケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ…

ニシヤツ

Ainu

「朝」

nisatmedium
Nisat is well documented for daybreak, while 朝 can cover a broader morning period. The word fits the beginning of the morning, with that difference in scope kept explicit. Kunneywa is a separate morning comparison whose sounds differ; peker nisat adds a dawn-light modifier. Nisat’s occurrence under 暁 on the preceding line corroborates the local association with dawn but supplies no independent witness.
Tamura 1996 s.v. nisat「(?) 夜明け前の空の白み､ 夜明けの薄明るいこと｡…」, kunneywa「①朝。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. nisat「明け方：夜明けの空の白み．」, kunneywa「朝．…」; Nakagawa 1995 s.v. nisat「夜明け；ニサッ エㇰ nisat ek〔朝が来る〕。…」; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. ニシヤッ「① 朝；② 明け方、夜明けの空の白み（ニサッ）」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 4 · ニシヤツ

    …シケ夕シリヲヌマ ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チ…

チユツプヲホツタラ

Ainu

「朝五ツ時」

cup'ohottar?guess
The existing cup'ohottar? proposal is retained with guess confidence. Fukasawa 2016 p.84 prints this analysis and marks it as requiring further study. Cup ohottara, cupohottara and cup ohot tara are alternative divisions or transliterations of the kana, with no additional lexical evidence that would justify replacing that proposal. Tamura's transitive tarara ‘hold something up’ does not establish a sun-rise construction. Cup hetuku is a semantic comparison with different sounds. The tail and its relation to 朝五ツ時 remain unresolved.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. チュッㇷ゚オホッタラ「① 朝五つ時(※辰の刻〜午前7〜9時ころ)；②」; Fukasawa 2016 p.84; Tamura 1996 s.v. cup「①(年月日の)月 ②…カ月(月数の単位)。… ／ (所は cupi(hi) チュピ(ヒ))女性の生殖器としての腹､ おなか。… ／ 月､ 太陽。…」, tarara「…を高く持ち上げている。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 5 · チユツプヲホツタラ

    … ヲヌマン日暮シリクンネ暁トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフ…

チユツプリイ

Ainu

「昼四ツ時」

cup rimedium
Cup ri “the sun is high” has dictionary and narrative support, favouring the separated expression. Kayano also uses joined cupri. Cup rii tests the final イ in リイ, without asserting a historical long vowel. The source explicitly says 昼四ツ時; the companion edition has 朝四ツ時. A sun-height description does not select between those headings or establish an exact clock conversion. The lexical reading is supported and the time correspondence remains qualified.
Tamura 1996 s.v. cup「①(年月日の)月 ②…カ月(月数の単位)。… ／ (所は cupi(hi) チュピ(ヒ))女性の生殖器としての腹､ おなか。… ／ 月､ 太陽。…」, ri「高い。… ／ (獣の皮)をはぐ､ …の皮をはぐ｡…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. cupri「日が出る：日が高い．」; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. チュッㇷ゚リイ「① 昼四つ時；② 日が出る、日が高い (チュㇷ゚リ)」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 6 · チユツプリイ

    …トーベケル ニシヤツ朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜…

トノヽシケ

Ainu

「昼九ツ時」

tononoskemedium
Both 昼 and 昼九ツ時 record トノヽシケ, whose iteration mark repeats ノ. Tononoske retains that sequence; tononoski has an independent midday dictionary entry and a 1977 narrative context. Tamura labels tónonnoski “old” and gives a midday range extending to about 11 a.m.; the shorter tónoski comparison is labelled “new” there and also has a lake-centre homonym. Tononnoski tests the extra nasal, and tononnoske combines that comparison with final e. These support a midday identification at medium confidence, without establishing an exact historical clock conversion or silently replacing the source vowels. Two tononnoski social-media matches repeat one author’s forecast wording.
Tamura 1996 s.v. tónonnoski「お昼頃(11時頃でもよい)。…」, tónoski「(＝to noski ト ノㇱキ)湖/沼の真ん中。… ／ 昼､ 正午､ 12時頃。…」; NINJAL topical dictionary 002#11; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. トノノシケ¹「① 昼；② 真昼、正午 (トノシキ)」, トノノシケ²「① 昼九つ時；② 真昼、正午 (トノシキ)」; Fukasawa 2016 p.86Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 7 · トノヽシケ

    …朝ニシヤツ朝五ツ時チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かた…

チユツプホネヽ

Ainu

「昼八ツ時」

cup honenemedium
Honene means to turn or change direction. Three corpus records use cup honene with Japanese translations describing the sun beginning to incline. This supports the separated expression and the repetition of ネ represented by ヽ. Cuphonene tests joining; honene alone has an afternoon definition in Batchelor, where cup ram is another comparison. The sun’s movement fits the afternoon setting, but neither the broader narrative wording nor Batchelor’s approximate hour precisely identifies historical 昼八ツ時.
Tamura 1996 s.v. honene「回る､ 向きがかわる。…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Honene「adv. The middle of the afternoon. Syn: Chup ram.」, PDF p.165; corpus nam-archive/minwa/29#291 and shinyo/03#682, #991; Fukasawa 2016 p.84Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 8 · チユツプホネヽ

    …チユツプヲホツタラ昼四ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ…

チユツプラン

Ainu

「晩七ツ時」

cup ranmedium
Cup ran is directly documented for the sun descending or setting, and corpus narratives use it in that sense. The separated spelling is selected at medium confidence. Cupran is also a dictionary spelling; one joined corpus hit instead concerns menstruation, so its count cannot be treated as three solar attestations. Cup ram describes a low sun and differs in its final nasal. The sun-descent identification is supported, while its exact relation to 晩七ツ時 remains qualified.
Tamura 1996 s.v. cup「①(年月日の)月 ②…カ月(月数の単位)。… ／ (所は cupi(hi) チュピ(ヒ))女性の生殖器としての腹､ おなか。… ／ 月､ 太陽。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. cupran「陽が落ちる，日没．…」; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. チュッㇷ゚ラン「① 晩七つ時；② 陽が落ちる (チュㇷ゚ラン)」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 9 · チユツプラン

    …ツ時チユツプリイ昼九ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如…

チユツフハウシ

Ainu

「暮六ツ時」

cuppawsiguess
Cuppawsi retains the existing scholarly proposal, with confidence reduced to guess. Fukasawa 2016 p.84 prints this form but leaves the analysis uncertain. Cup hawsi follows the kana more literally without supplying an attested evening expression. Batchelor's Paushi ‘put on the head’ does not establish that meaning, and cup ahun is a semantic comparison with different sounds. The companion's ‘sun becomes large’ explanation and the exact 暮六ツ時 correspondence remain unconfirmed.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. チュッㇷ゚ハウシ「① 暮れ六つ時；②」; Fukasawa 2016 p.84; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Paushi「v.t. To put on the head.」, PDF p.385; Tamura 1996 s.v. cup「①(年月日の)月 ②…カ月(月数の単位)。… ／ (所は cupi(hi) チュピ(ヒ))女性の生殖器としての腹､ おなか。… ／ 月､ 太陽。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 10 · チユツフハウシ

    …ツ時トノヽシケ昼八ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・…

トーケシ

Ainu

「晩方」

tókesmedium
Tókes is documented for dusk or early evening, matching 晩方. The existing spelling and rating are retained; the acute accent comes from Tamura rather than being inferred from the source’s length mark. To kes displays the dictionary’s day-end analysis. Batchelor also records a lake-end homonym, so raw matches do not all establish the time sense. Modern approximate-hour explanations are not converted into a fixed time for the historical source. The thirteen to kes matches either cross phrase boundaries in kes to kes to or kes to kes pa, or mean the lower end of a lake. Two tókes examples in Ainu Times issue 12 are translated with lunch or midday; they do not support the evening identification.
Tamura 1996 s.v. tókes「日暮れどき､ 夕方､ 晩方(日が傾くころの､ 秋なら3時から4時頃)。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. tokes「夕方．」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Tokes「adv. Evening. At the time of sunset. ／ n. Lake end.」, PDF p.502; NINJAL topical dictionary 043#29Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 11 · トーケシ

    …ツ時チユツプホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウ…

ヲクラン

Ainu

「夜来」

ukuranmedium
Ukuran is retained as the established lexical interpretation: Tamura and Nakagawa document last night or evening. Kirikae records okuran with Kushiro speaker examples, which remain relevant dialect evidence. The written ヲ alone does not establish that this occurrence should replace ukuran with that dialect form. Japanese 夜来 leaves the exact time span qualified. The lone okuran corpus record is uncertain; it is not the basis for selecting a reading.
Tamura 1996 and Nakagawa 1995 s.v. ukuran「①ゆうべ。…」; Kirikae 2004 Kushiro vocabulary s.v. okuran, opita, tan okuran; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. オクラン「① 夜来；② 〈釧路〉夕べ、晩、夜（オクラン）」; Kanjipedia s.v. 夜来Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 12 · ヲクラン

    …ホネヽ晩七ツ時チユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白…

アンケシ

Ainu

「夜明かた」

ankesmedium
Ankes is explicitly documented for the end of the night or dawn, matching 夜明かた. Dictionary examples and corpus narratives support retaining the form and rating. An kes displays the night/end component analysis without proving two historical words. Tamura gives approximate contemporary hours as an explanation; these do not impose a fixed clock time on the source.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 13 · アンケシ

    …ユツプラン暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲ…

リカニシヤツ

Ainu

「夜明かた」

rikanisatlow
Rikanisat follows リカニシヤツ, and nisat supplies a documented dawn comparison. The initial rika remains unidentified in this expression. Ri “high” and rik “high place” do not account for the complete rika sequence; rika “whale blubber/meat” has an unsuitable sense. Rika nisat and ri ka nisat test divisions, with ka unexplained in the latter. Peker nisat is a documented dawn-light expression with different sounds. The proposed high-dawn explanation remains uncertain, and the low rating is retained.
Fukasawa 2016 p.97; Uehara/Fukasawa comparison extract s.v. リカニシヤツ; Tamura 1996 s.v. nisat「(?) 夜明け前の空の白み､ 夜明けの薄明るいこと｡…」, ri「高い。… ／ (獣の皮)をはぐ､ …の皮をはぐ｡…」, rik「上の方､ 高い所。…」, rika「(クジラの)あぶらみ(脂身)。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. rika「鯨肉．」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 13 · リカニシヤツ

    …暮六ツ時チユツフハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キン…

クンネワン

Ainu

「早朝」

kunnewan?low
The existing kunnewan? proposal and its uncertainty marker are retained at low confidence. Fukasawa's proposed kunnewa an contraction is not established. Hattori records regional kunnewa and kunnewano for morning, while the source has final ン; kunneywa and Batchelor's kunnei-wano are further comparisons. No new attestation settles that ending or justifies presenting kunnewan without the question mark. The only kunnewa corpus example is modern social-media writing. The early-morning sense and historical dialect remain qualified.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 14 · クンネワン

    …ハウシ晩方トーケシ夜来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如…

イワンリコプヽ

Ainu

「∴∵如此星」

iwan rikopguess
Iwan rikop remains the lexical candidate, supported by iwan ‘six’ and the documented star word rikop in Hattori's Bihoro column and Batchelor. The corrected transcription イワンリユプヽ and its final apparent iteration mark remain visible; the ユ／コ discrepancy is unresolved. Iwan riyup, iwan riyupu and iwan riyupupu are literal spelling comparisons without independent lexical support, so they do not replace rikop in the modern reading. Nojiri's Pleiades identification depends on interpretations of Moshiogusa and is not an independent attestation. The whole name and precise star identification remain a guess.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 21, line 15 · イワンリコプヽ

    …来ヲクラン夜明かたアンケシ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルム…

イナウリノカヽ

Ainu

「∴・如此星」

inawri nokaguess
Inawri noka is a provisional reading of イナウリノカヽ. Noka means an image or representation; inawri remains unidentified. The inherited nokaha adds an unwritten h. Final ヽ may repeat カ or represent length, so nokaka and the commentary’s nokaha remain comparisons. Fukasawa explicitly questions the water-chestnut explanation. Inawru “ritual crown” is independently documented, but substituting ru for written ri needs explanation. Nojiri’s crown proposal and Fukasawa’s later Leo comparison are interpretations of related material; neither securely identifies this four-star figure.
Fukasawa 2016 pp.68–69; Nojiri 1941 (下) p.286; Tamura 1996 s.v. noka「何かの形を模したもの(絵､ 像､ 模型など)。…」, nokaha「(概は noka ノカ)…の形を模したもの(絵､ 像など)。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. inawru「冠，被り物：男が儀式の時に頭に被るもの．…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Inaoru「n. An ordinary kind of crown worn by the younger men at bear feasts. Syn: Sapa-unbe. Ekash-paunbe.」, PDF p.191Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 1 · イナウリノカヽ

    …シ リカニシヤツ早朝クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ…

ニシヤツシヤヲチ

Ainu

「大白星」

nisatsawotmedium
Nakagawa directly records nisatsawot as the morning star; Tamura, Batchelor and NINJAL give the longer expression with nociw. A narrative catalogued as recorded in 1969 also uses nisatsawot kamuy. This supports the existing reading of 大白星／ニシヤツシヤヲチ. Tamura analyses sawot as avoiding or escaping dawn; Nojiri reports a different nisat-sa-ot analysis. The identification is firmer than the historical etymology. Final チ is compared with final t; no unwritten nociw is added to the selected form.
Nakagawa 1995 s.v. nisatsawot「明けの明星；〈nisat「朝」sawot「〜を連れる」。」; Tamura 1996 s.v. nisatsawot nociw「明けの明星(朝の金星)。…」, sawot「…をさける､ …から逃げる､ …のいない所へ行く､ …を置き去りにして逃げる。…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Nishat-shaot-nochiu「n. The morning star. Called also Nisat-saot nochiu.」, PDF p.325; NINJAL 043#35; Fukasawa 2016 p.87Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 2 · ニシヤツシヤヲチ

    …クンネワン∴∵如此星イワンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵…

キンマチスルグル

Ainu

「宵の明星」

kimmacisurkurguess
Kimmacisurkur follows the recorded キンマチスルグル provisionally, without claiming an established compound. The inherited kimmacinukarkur comes from the commentary’s different キンマチヌカルグル; this witness does not supply ヌカル. Fukasawa marks that analysis uncertain and reports that Sueoka lacked secure information for a related form. Kim and nukar are independently known words, but do not bridge the written discrepancy. Aronumannociw is an attested evening-star comparison with different sounds. Batchelor’s cinukarkur comparison denotes the north star or guardian, not an identification of this evening-star expression.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. キンマチスルグル「① 宵の明星（※金星のこと）；②」; Fukasawa 2016 p.75; Nojiri 1941 (上) p.255; Kayano 1996 s.v. aronumannociw「宵の明星．」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Chinukara-guru「n. The north star. A guardian. Also called Chinukara-kamui, i. e. “Divine guardian.” Festive bears are supposed to becom…」, PDF p.82Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 3 · キンマチスルグル

    …ンリコプヽ∴・如此星イナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ…

ヲガンヂ

Ainu

「如此星」

okanciguess
Okanci is independently documented as a ship’s rudder. Its only corpus match has that sense. The source uses ヲガンヂ beside a star diagram, so a rudder-shaped star group is a plausible comparison. The commentary has the longer ヲカンチリコブ, and Fukasawa cites a later okanci nociw identification; those tails are absent here. Nojiri presents the rudder interpretation tentatively. The exact constellation and derivation remain unresolved; no rikop or nociw is added to the selected reading.
Batchelor 1938 s.v. Okanchi「n. A ship’s rudder.」, PDF p.349; NINJAL 057#67; Fukasawa 2016 p.71; Nojiri 1941 (下) p.286; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. オガンジ「① 如此星（三ツ星と群れになった星）（※オリオン座か）；②」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 4 · ヲガンヂ

    …ナウリノカヽ大白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出…

イルムンブ

Ainu

「如此星」

erumunpulow
Erumun “mouse” and pu “storehouse” support erumunpu as the comparison for イルムンブ, retaining the vowel after r that the inherited ermunpu omits. The initial i/e correspondence remains uncertain; irumunpu tests the written vowel. Fukasawa derives ermunpu from erumunpu and cites Sueoka’s Cancer-cluster identification, which was not independently consulted. Tamura’s shorter ermupu is a constellation name tentatively identified with Orion. The differing forms and figures prevent treating these as a single secure identification. The only ermu pu corpus match says a mouse entered a storehouse and supplies no star-name attestation.
Chiri, Categorized Dictionary, animals §285(5) s.v. erumun「エルムン §285 ねずみ (5) erumun (e-ré-mun)「エるムン」 ｟美幌、春採、白糠｠」; Hattori 1964 mouse row; Kirikae 2004 s.v. erumun; Tamura 1996 s.v. ermupu「(星座の名)(直訳すると)ネズミの倉(オリオン座らしい｡…」, pu「倉庫(住居の近くに建てられる。…」; Fukasawa 2016 p.69Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 5 · イルムンブ

    …白星ニシヤツシヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出シリシユムイ地獄…

ホデレケレリコプ

Ainu

「火星」

hoterekere riyupguess
The facsimile supports 大星 and ホデレケレリユプ. The correction layer preserves the transcription’s 火星, リコプ and attached note. Hoterekere riyup is provisional: rikop is an attested star word, but does not explain ユ. Nojiri reports an uncertain oterkerikop “jumping star” interpretation; modern oterke entries mean “step on”. The transcription contributor cites Sueoka for a twenty-day-waiting/Antares proposal; that book was not independently consulted. Hot “twenty” and tere “wait” alone do not establish the complete expression. Neither Mars nor Antares is securely identified. Ota’s Marsu is explicitly marked new and is excluded as evidence for this historical term.
Moshiogusa ninjal-1 p.22 l.6 facsimile; Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. ホデレケレリコプ「① 火星；②」; Nojiri 1941 (下) p.286; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Rikop「n. A star. Anything over-head.」, PDF p.423; Tamura 1996 s.v. hot「(驚き､ 驚嘆を表す｡… ／ 二十｡…」, oterke「(?) …を踏む。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. tere「待つ．…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 6 · ホデレケレリコプ

    …ヤヲチ宵の明星キンマチスルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出シリシユムイ地獄テイネボキナシリ極楽…

イカラカモイヽ

Ainu

「如此星」

ikarakamuyguess
Ikarakamuy is a provisional reading of イカラカモイヽ. Kamuy is documented, while ikara and the final apparent iteration mark remain unexplained. The inherited ikarari kamuy follows the commentary’s extra リ, absent in this witness. Its “turning god” explanation is marked uncertain by Fukasawa; the independently documented ikarari and ikarkar concern embroidery. Nojiri reports a tentative embroidery-god comparison. Fukasawa also cites a later ikarkamuy/Coalsack proposal. These alternatives do not establish the complete historical name, a turning sense, or an exact celestial object.
Hirayama 2013 part 3 s.v. イカラカモイ「① 如此星 (輪上に連なる星々の図がある)；②」; Fukasawa 2016 p.68; Nojiri 1941 (下) pp.286–287; Tamura 1996 s.v. ikarari「(刺しゅうのやり方の一つ｡…」, ikarkar「刺しゅうする､ 糸で飾りつけをする。…」, kamuy「①神。… ／ 熊(＝kimunkamuy キムンカムイ)。…」; Nakagawa 1995 s.v. ikarari「イカラリ；刺繍の仕方のひとつ。…」Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 7 · イカラカモイヽ

    …スルグル如此星ヲガンヂ如此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出シリシユムイ地獄テイネボキナシリ極楽ボキナシリ墓所セツト…

パシナ

Ainu

「塵（チリ）」

pasnamedium
Batchelor Pashna explicitly means dust, directly matching 塵（チリ）; modern s replaces his sh convention. His adjacent Pasna entry concerns cinders or ashes and provides a related sense comparison. Hirayama’s second パシナ headword also has the dust heading. The two corpus records pasna and pashna come from one 2024 social-media post repeating these dictionary glosses; they add no independent early attestation. Pasina tests a vowel-preserving alternative. The separate 灰 occurrence is unchanged.
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 8 · パシナ

    …此星イルムンブ火星ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出シリシユムイ地獄テイネボキナシリ極楽ボキナシリ墓所セツトンバ隣家アウタ近…

パナ

Ainu

「埃（ホコリ）」

panamedium
Tamura, Kayano and Batchelor directly document pana for dust or fine powder, matching 埃（ホコリ）. The word and confidence are retained. Batchelor separately records a directional pana meaning below; an accented pána corpus example concerns movement downstream. Accent folding mixes that record into the count, so the raw total does not count dust attestations alone. Recent radiation-related examples show modern use of the older dust word; they do not date the historical entry or make those modern compounds early vocabulary.
Tamura 1996 s.v. pana「ほこり(埃)､ 何かの細かい粉(｢たきぼこり｣､ 土埃)。… ／ (所は pánake(he) パナケ(ヘ))[pa-na 川下・の方] …の川下側。…」; Kayano 1996 s.v. pana「塵，粉塵，ほこり．…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Pana「n. Dust. Syn: Mana. Pashna. ／ adv. Below. Nether. As:—Pet pana ta, “towards the mouth of the river.”」, PDF p.379Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 9 · パナ

    …ホデレケレリコプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出シリシユムイ地獄テイネボキナシリ極楽ボキナシリ墓所セツトンバ隣家アウタ近所ツ゚タン人物天…

シリシユムイ

Ainu

「地震　重出」

sirsimoyehigh
sir 'the land' + simoye 'moves'; the kana シユムイ renders simoye
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 10 · シリシユムイ

    …コプ如此星イカラカモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出シリシユムイ地獄テイネボキナシリ極楽ボキナシリ墓所セツトンバ隣家アウタ近所ツ゚タン人物天子チマイレカムイ公儀…

テイネボキナシリ

Ainu

「地獄」

teynepoknasirmedium
Ota records the complete teynepoknasir form; Kirikae gives Shitaku’s teyne poknasir with the wet-underworld sense. Narrative transcripts also use the joined and spaced expressions, including material catalogued as recorded in 1929 and published in 2022. This supports the lexical comparison for 地獄 without dating those transcripts to the eighteenth century. Batchelor and NINJAL give a related expression with mosir. Final リ leaves r/ri open; teyne poknasiri is an unconfirmed alternative. The Buddhist Japanese gloss does not establish identical beliefs or geography of the afterlife.
Ota 2022 s.v. じごく, teynepoknasir「石狩：[場名]」; Kirikae 2004 s.v. teyne, Shitaku example; Tamura 1996 s.v. teyne「ぬれる､ ぬれた､ ぬれている。…」; Nakagawa 1995 s.v. poknasir「あの世。…」; Batchelor 1938 s.v. Teine-pokna-moshiri「n. Hell, i.e. Gehenna.」, PDF p.494; Fukasawa 2016 pp.84–85Source passage
References
Occurrences (1)
  1. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics · 乾巻 · Page 22, line 11 · テイネボキナシリ

    …カモイヽ塵（チリ）パシナ埃（ホコリ）パナ地震重出シリシユムイ地獄テイネボキナシリ極楽ボキナシリ墓所セツトンバ隣家アウタ近所ツ゚タン人物天子チマイレカムイ公儀エントーカモイ国主モ…